Saturday, May 20, 2023

Nicholas's letter to Maria, dated September 12, 1915

Source:

Olga Grigor'eva at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Могилев. 12 сентября 1915 г.
Милая моя Мари,
Очень тебя благодарю за твои письма, которые меня веселят, тем что ты в них пишешь, в также вследствие некоторого количества ошибок.

Рад за тебя, что Н. Д. остался в Царском Селе, но этим он потерял свою службу на "Работнике". Ездила ли ты с Мама недавно в Петергоф? Я люблю вспоминать наши поездки туда по праздникам летом. Здесь течет Днепр и мне с самого начала хотелось погрести в лодке, но до сих пор это почему-то не выходит; только два раза пришлось переехать реку на пароме вместе с моторами. У меня времени очень мало и поэтому я должен кончить письмо. Крепко тебя обнимаю мой дорогой Казанец.
Христос с тобою!
Твой Папа.

English translation (my own):

Mogilev. September 12, 1915
My dear Marie,
I thank you very much for your letters, which amuse me with the fact that you write in them, and also due to a certain number of errors.

I am glad for you that N. D. remained at Tsarskoe Selo, but by doing so he has lost his service on "Rabotnik". Did you and Mama recently go to Peterhof? I love to remember our trips there on holidays in the summer. The Dnieper flows here and from the very beginning I have wanted to row in a boat, but for some reason it still doesn't work out; only twice I had to cross the river on a ferry with motors. I have very little time and therefore I must finish the letter. I hug you tightly, my dear Kazanets.
Christ be with you!
Your Papa.


Above: Maria. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Nicholas and Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev on Flickr.

Olga's letter to Nicholas, dated January 23, 1915

Source:

Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK


Alexandra's letter of the same day to Nicholas:


The letter:

Царское Село.
23-го Января 1915 г.
Папа дорогой мой!
Так скучно что Ты уехал. Мы живем по прежнему. Ездим как всегда по утрам на перевязки. Сегодня делали операцию Кобылину. Ему вынули из ноги осколок под наркозом и его бедного все время тошнило чем то желтоватым. А днем (без' час) должны были ломать одну ногу художника, у которой кость криво срослась и он ужасно волновался и боялся заранее. Емельянова (моего), перевязывала сегодня Татьяна и Мама присутствовала. У Ани утром 37 и 8 и были у нее брал Sergy и Тина. Тина невеста. Мама их вместе сняла. По моему она не подходит к нему, слишком мила, а он мягок, хотя голос как будто спустился на пол тона. Погода чудная, 10 гр. мороза. Солнце светило и даже грело, и небо было голубое, голубое — очень хорошо. Масса снегу на деревьях, который пригибал их к земле, что делало уютство.

Мы четыре гуляли. После Мари и Настаська поехали в свой лазарет, Татьяна и я в склад, где работала лишь Мадам Конрад — жена учителя музыки. Очень трогательно и скучно. Е. С. Дедролина с сестрой и еще 2 дамами выдавали вещи на дом — но кроме сестры Карангозовой, при нас никто не приходил за вещами. Оттуда мы пошли к раненым. Многие из них уезжают завтра в Крым из нашего лазарета. Двое — Крымец Отмарштейн и Крат 93 Иркутского полка. Гогоберидзе приходил вчера проститься. Завтра возвращается в полк. Папа душка, попроси Титирятникова привезти с собой кусочек Чёрного моря в бутылке. Пожалуйста! Не забудь — и еще скажи Ник. Павл. чтобы он помнил, что в Севастополе находится один из офицеров с дорогой яхты. Да! Пусть ему кланяется. Сейчас ½ 7-го сижу у себя в комнате. Алексей в игральной, обедает с мусью Жиллиаром. Ну, досвиданья Папа золотце. Господь с Тобой. Нежно Тебя целую.
Твой верный Елисаветградец.
Ник. Павл. и т. д. поклон.

English translation (my own):

Tsarskoe Selo.
January 23rd, 1915.
My dear Papa!
So bored that You have left. We are still living. We go as always in the morning for dressings. Kobylin was operated on today. They took out a fragment from his leg under anesthesia, and the poor man was sick all the time with something yellowish. And in the afternoon (without an hour) one of the artist's legs was to be broken, in which the bone had grown together crookedly and he was terribly worried and afraid in advance. Emelyanov (mine), Tatiana bandaged today and Mama was present. Anya has 37 and 8 in the morning and Sergy and Tina were taken from her. Tina's fiancé. Mama took them together. In my opinion, she does not approach him, she is too sweet, and he is soft, although his voice seemed to have gone down half a tone. The weather is wonderful, 10 deg. frost. The sun shone and even warmed, and the sky was blue, blue — very nice. A lot of snow on the trees, which bent them to the ground, which was comfortable.

We four went for a walk. After Marie and Nastaska went to their infirmary, Tatiana and I went to the sklad, where only Madame Konrad, the music teacher's wife, worked. Very touching and boring. E. S. Dedrolina with her sister and 2 other ladies gave out things at home — but apart from sister Karangozova, no one came for things with us. From there we went to the wounded. Many of them are leaving tomorrow for the Crimea from our infirmary. Two — the Crimean Otmarstein and Krat 93 of the Irkutsk regiment. Gogoberidze came yesterday to say goodbye. He returns to the regiment tomorrow. Papa, darling, ask Titiryatnikov to bring with him a piece of the Black Sea in a bottle. Please! Don't forget, and tell Nik. Pavl. too so that he remembers that one of the officers from the dear yacht is in Sevastopol. Yes! Let him bow. Now it is 7½ I am sitting in my room. Alexei is in the playroom, having dinner with monsieur Gilliard. Well, goodbye, Papa dear. The Lord be with You. I kiss You tenderly.
Your faithful Elisavetgradets.
Regards to Nik. Pavl. etc.


Above: Alexandra with Olga and Tatiana.


Above: Maria and Anastasia.


Above: Nicholas. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.

Tatiana's letter to Olga Voronova, dated October 10, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK






The letter:

Царское-Село.
10го Октября. 1915.
Дорогая Ольга,
Очень, очень благодарю Вас за Ваше письмо и прошу простить, что так долго не благодарила Вас когда я узнала о смерти Вашего beau-frère а то думала, что Вы наверно сюда приедете и не хотела Вас безпокоить моими письмами. Как Ваша бедная сестра теперь. Мне Тата говорила что она была в ужасном состоянии бедная. Так ее жаль. Я Вам пишу еще сюда т. к. не знаю где Вы? Если здесь то долго-ли еще пробудите тут? Мы на днях едем с Мама в Ставку за Алексеем. Я думаю, что наверно ему не хочется возвращаться, потому что он страшно доволен быть там с Папа. Он писал Мама, что он надеется еще долго там пробыть. А мы тут по прежнему работали каждый день в лазарете. Много раненых.

Ну, вот досвиданья Ольга душка. Крепко крепко целую Вас моя милая и кланяюсь Вашему мужу.
Ваша
Татьяна.

Кланяюсь всем нашим в Севастополе.

English translation (my own):

Tsarskoe-Selo.
October 10th. 1915.
Dear Olga,
I thank you very, very much for your letter and I beg your pardon that I did not thank you for so long when I learned of the death of your beau-frère, otherwise I thought that you would probably come here and I did not want to disturb you with my letters. How is your poor sister now. Tata told me that she was in a terrible state, poor thing. So sorry for her. I am still writing to you here because I don't know where you are? If you are here for a long time, will you still wake up here? One of these days, Mama and I are going to Stavka to fetch Alexei. I think he probably doesn't want to go back because he is terribly happy to be there with Papa. He wrote to Mama that he hoped to stay there for a long time. And we still worked here every day in the infirmary. There are many wounded.

Well, goodbye Olga darling. I kiss you firmly my dear and bow to your husband.
Your
Tatiana.

I bow to all of ours in Sevastopol.


Above: Tatiana. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Nicholas and Alexei with their Cossacks.

Notes: beau-frère = brother-in-law.

Tata = Natalia K. Kleinmichel, Olga Voronova's sister.

Pierre Gilliard on Alexandra taking care of affairs and her sick children during the Russian Revolution, the news of Nicholas's abdication, and the beginning of the family's captivity, February and March 1917 (New Style)

Sources:

Treize années à la cour de Russie: Le tragique destin de Nicolas II et de sa famille, pages 174 to 183, by Pierre Gilliard, 1921


Thirteen Years at the Russian Court, pages 209 to 217, by Pierre Gilliard, translated by F. Appelby Holt, 1921



Above: Nicholas and Alexandra, signed "Papa" and "Mama" as a gift for their children.


Above: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia and Alexei with their heads shaved bald while recovering from measles.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

The account:

... Ce n'est qu'après de longues hésitations que l'empereur déjà inquiet s'était décidé, le 8 mars 1917, à quitter Tsarskoïé-Sélo pour se rendre au G. Q. G.

Son départ affecta tout particulièrement l'impératrice, car aux appréhensions que faisait naître la situation politique venaient s'ajouter les craintes que lui inspirait Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Le tsarévitch, en effet, était alité depuis plusieurs jours, ayant la rougeole, et diverses complications étaient venues aggraver son état. Pour comble de malheur, trois des grandes-duchesses étaient tombées malades à leur tour, et Marie Nicolaïévna était seule à pouvoir seconder sa mère.

Le 10 mars, nous apprenions que des troubles avaient éclaté à Pétrograd et que des collisions sanglantes s'étaient produites entre la police et les manifestants.

C'est que, depuis plusieurs jours, la rareté des vivres avait suscité un violent mécontentement dans les quartiers populaires. Des cortèges s'étaient formés et la foule avait parcouru les rues de la ville en réclamant du pain.

Je compris que Sa Majesté était très préoccupée, car, faisant exception à sa règle habituelle, elle me parla des événements politiques et me dit que Protopopof accusait les socialistes de chercher, par une propagande active auprès des cheminots, à empêcher le ravitaillement de la ville afin d'exciter le peuple à la révolution.

Le 11, la situation devenait subitement très critique et les nouvelles les plus alarmantes nous parvenaient coup sur coup. L'émeute gagnait le centre de la ville et la troupe qu'on avait fait intervenir depuis la veille résistait faiblement.

J'appris également qu'un ukase de l'empereur était venu ordonner la suspension de la Douma, mais que, vu la gravité des événements, l'assemblée avait passé outre à l'ordre de prorogation et décidé de procéder à la formation d'un Comité exécutif chargé de rétablir l'ordre.

Les combats reprenaient avec plus d'acharnement encore le lendemain, et les insurgés parvenaient à s'emparer de l'arsenal. Vers le soir on me téléphonait de Pétrograd que les éléments de réserve de plusieurs régiments de la garde: les régiments Paul, Préobrajensky, etc., avaient fait cause commune avec eux. Cette nouvelle frappa de stupeur l'impératrice. Depuis la veille, elle était extrêmement inquiète et se rendait compte de l'imminence du péril.

Pendant ces deux journées, elle avait passé tour à tour des chambres des grandes-duchesses à celle d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch, dont l'état de santé avait encore empiré, s'efforçant de cacher aux malades l'angoisse qui la torturait.

Le 13, à 9 h. ½ du matin, comme j'entre chez le tsarévitch, l'impératrice me fait signe de la suivre dans la salle à côté. Elle m'annonce que la capitale est, de fait, entre les mains des révolutionnaires et que la Douma vient de constituer un gouvernement provisoire à la tête duquel se trouve Rodzianko.

— La Douma s'est montrée à la hauteur des circonstances, me dit-elle. Elle a compris enfin, je crois, le danger qui menace le pays, mais je crains que ce ne soit trop tard: il s'est formé un comité socialiste-révolutionnaire qui ne veut pas reconnaître l'autorité du gouvernement provisoire. Je viens de recevoir de l'empereur un télégramme m'annonçant son arrivée pour 6 heures du matin. Mais il désire que nous quittions Tsarskoïé-Sélo pour Gatchina ou que nous nous portions à sa rencontre. Faites donc tout préparer pour le départ éventuel d'Alexis.

Les ordres sont donnés. Sa Majesté passe par de terribles hésitations. Elle a fait savoir à Rodzianko la gravité de l'état du tsarévitch et des grandes-duchesses. Il répond: «Quand une maison brûle, on commence par en emmener les malades.»

A quatre heures, le docteur Dérévenko rentre de l'hôpital et nous annonce que tout le réseau de chemin de fer des environs de Pétrograd est déjà occupé par les révolutionnaires, que nous ne pouvons pas partir et qu'il est peu probable que l'empereur puisse arriver.

Le soir, vers neuf heures, la baronne de Buxhœveden entre chez moi. Elle vient d'apprendre que la garnison de Tsarskoïé-Sélo s'est mutinée et que l'on tire dans la rue. Il faut avertir l'impératrice qui est auprès des grandes-duchesses. Précisément, elle sort dans le couloir et la baronne la met au courant de la situation. Nous nous approchons des fenêtres. Nous voyons le général Reissine qui, à la tête de deux compagnies du régiment combiné, prend position devant le palais. J'aperçois également des marins de l'équipage de la garde et des cosaques de l'escorte. Les grilles du parc ont été occupées par des postes renforcés, les hommes sur quatre rangs, prêts à tirer.

A ce moment nous apprenons par téléphone que les mutins s'avancent dans notre direction et qu'ils viennent de tuer un factionnaire à moins de 500 mètres du palais. Les coups de fusil se sont de plus en plus rapprochés, une collision semble inévitable. L'impératrice, affolée à l'idée que le sang va être répandu sous ses yeux, sort avec Marie Nicolaïévna et s'approche des soldats pour les exhorter au calme. Elle supplie qu'on parlemente avec les insurgés. Le moment est solennel. L'angoisse étreint tous les cœurs. Une imprudence, et c'est le corps à corps suivi de carnage. Cependant, des officiers s'interposent des deux côtés et l'on se met à discuter. Les paroles de leurs anciens chefs et l'attitude résolue de ceux qui sont restés fidèles en imposent aux mutins.

L'excitation tombe peu à peu et l'on finit par déterminer une zone neutre entre les deux camps.

La nuit se passe ainsi et, le matin, des ordres formels du gouvernement provisoire viennent mettre fin à cette situation angoissante.

Dans l'après-midi Sa Majesté fait appeler le grand-duc Paul et lui demande s'il sait où est l'empereur. Le grand-duc l'ignore. Aux questions que l'impératrice lui pose sur la situation, il répond que, seul, l'octroi immédiat d'une constitution peut encore, à son avis, conjurer le danger. L'impératrice se range à cette opinion, mais elle est impuissante, car, depuis la veille, elle ne peut plus communiquer avec l'empereur.

La journée du 15 se passe dans l'attente oppressée des événements. Dans la nuit, à 3 h. ½, le docteur Botkine est appelé au téléphone par un des membres du gouvernement provisoire qui lui demande des nouvelles d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch. (Le bruit de sa mort s'était répandu en ville, comme nous l'apprenons plus tard.)

Le supplice de l'impératrice continue le lendemain. C'est le troisième jour qu'elle est sans nouvelles de l'empereur et son angoisse s'augmente du fait de son inaction forcée. (Les tortures de l'impératrice en ces jours de mortelle angoisse où, sans nouvelles de l'empereur, elle se désespérait au chevet de son enfant malade, dépassèrent tout ce qu'on peut imaginer. Elle avait atteint la limite extrême de la résistance humaine, c'était la dernière épreuve d'où allait se dégager cette merveilleuse, cette lumineuse sérénité qui devait la soutenir, elle et les siens, jusqu'au jour de leur mort.)

A la fin de l'après-midi, la nouvelle de l'abdication de l'empereur parvient au palais. L'impératrice la repousse comme un bruit mensonger. Mais un peu plus tard le grand-duc Paul vient la lui confirmer. Elle se refuse encore à y croire et c'est seulement sur les précisions qu'il lui donne que Sa Majesté se rend enfin à l'évidence. L'empereur a abdiqué la veille au soir à Pskof en faveur de son frère, le grand-duc Michel.

Le désespoir de l'impératrice dépasse tout ce qu'on peut imaginer. Mais son grand courage ne l'abandonne pas. Je la revois, le soir, chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Son visage est ravagé, mais, par une force de volonté presque surhumaine, elle a tenu à venir comme d'habitude auprès des enfants, afin que rien ne trouble les jeunes malades qui ignorent tout ce qui s'est passé depuis le départ de l'empereur pour le G. Q. G.

Tard dans la nuit, nous apprenons que le grand-duc Michel s'est désisté et que c'est l'Assemblée constituante qui devra décider du sort de la Russie.

Je retrouve le lendemain l'impératrice chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Elle est calme, mais très pâle. Elle a effroyablement maigri et vieilli en ces quelques jours.

L'après-midi, Sa Majesté reçoit un télégramme de l'empereur où il cherche à la tranquiliser et lui annonce qu'il attend à Mohilef l'arrivée prochaine de l'impératrice douairière.

Trois jours passent. Le 21, à 10 h. ½ du matin, Sa Majesté me fait appeler et me dit que le général Kornilof est venu lui faire savoir, de la part du gouvernement provisoire, que l'empereur et elle sont mis en état d'arrestation, et que tous ceux qui ne veulent pas accepter le régime de la prison doivent avoir quitté le palais avant quatre heures. Je réponds que je suis décidé à rester.

— L'empereur rentre demain, il faut avertir Alexis, il faut tout lui dire... Voulez-vous le faire? Moi je vais aller parler aux petites.

On voit combien elle souffre à l'idée de l'émotion qu'elle va causer aux grandes-duchesses, malades, en leur annonçant l'abdication de leur père, émotion qui risque d'aggraver leur état.

Je rentre chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch et je lui dis que l'empereur va revenir le lendemain de Mohilef et qu'il n'y retournera plus.

— Pourquoi?

— Parce que votre papa ne veut plus être commandant en chef.

Cette nouvelle l'affecte vivement, car il aimait beaucoup à aller au G. Q. G.

Au bout d'un certain temps, j'ajoute:

— Vous savez, Alexis Nicolaïévitch, votre père ne veut plus être empereur.

Il me regarde, étonné, cherchant à lire sur ma figure ce qui se passe.

— Comment? Pourquoi?

— Parce qu'il est très fatigué et qu'il a eu de grandes difficultés ces derniers temps.

— Ah! oui! Maman m'a dit qu'on avait arrêté son train quand il voulait venir ici. Mais papa sera de nouveau empereur après?

Je lui explique alors que l'empereur a abdiqué en faveur du grand-duc Michel, lequel s'est désisté à son tour.

— Mais alors, qui est-ce qui sera empereur?

— Je ne sais pas, maintenant personne...

Pas un mot sur lui, pas une allusion à ses droits d'héritier. Il est très rouge et ému.

Au bout de quelques minutes de silence, il me dit:

— Mais alors, s'il n'y a plus d'empereur, qui est-ce qui va gouverner la Russie?

Je lui explique qu'il s'est formé un gouvernement provisoire qui devra s'occuper des affaires de l'État jusqu'à la réunion de l'Assemblée constituante et qu'alors, peut-être, son oncle Michel montera sur le trône.

Une fois de plus, je suis frappé de la modestie de cet enfant.

A quatre heures, la porte du palais se ferme. Nous sommes prisonniers! Le régiment combiné a été relevé par un régiment de la garnison de Tsarskoïé-Selo, et les soldats qui sont en faction ne sont plus là pour nous protéger, mais pour nous garder.

Le 22, à onze heures du matin, l'empereur arrive enfin, accompagné du Prince Dolgorouky, maréchal de la cour. Il monte immédiatement chez les enfants où l'impératrice l'attend.

Après le déjeuner, il entre dans la chambre d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch, où je me trouve à ce moment, et m'aborde avec sa simplicité et sa bienveillance habituelles. Mais, à voir son visage pâli et amaigri, on comprend combien il a effroyablement souffert, lui aussi, pendant son absence.

Le retour de l'empereur fut, malgré les circonstances, un jour de grand bonheur pour les siens. L'impératrice et Marie Nicolaïévna, aussi bien que les enfants malades, lorsqu'ils avaient été mis au courant de la situation, avaient éprouvé à son sujet tant de crainte et d'anxiété! C'était pour eux une grande consolation de se trouver tous réunis alors qu'ils étaient si durement éprouvés. Il leur semblait que leur douleur en était allégée et que l'immense amour qu'ils avaient les uns pour les autres était une force capable de leur faire supporter toutes les souffrances.

Malgré le maîtrise de soi qui lui était habituelle, l'empereur n'arrivait pas à cacher son profond ébranlement, mais il se remettait rapidement au milieu de l'affection des siens. Il leur consacrait la majeure partie de ses journées et, le reste du temps, il lisait ou se promenait avec le prince Dolgorouky. On lui avait interdit, au début, l'accès du parc et on ne lui avait laissé que la jouissance d'un petit jardin attenant au palais, encore couvert de neige et entouré d'un cordon de sentinelles. Mais l'empereur acceptait toutes ces rigueurs avec une sérénité et une grandeur d'âme remarquables. Jamais un mot de reproche ne sortit de ses lèvres. C'est qu'un sentiment dominait son être, plus puissant même que les liens qui l'attachaient aux siens: l'amour de son pays. On sentait qu'il était prêt à tout pardonner à ceux qui lui infligeaient ces humiliations, s'ils étaient capables de sauver la Russie.

L'impératrice passait presque tout son temps étendue sur une chaise longue dans la chambre des grandes-duchesses et chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Les émotions et les angoisses l'avaient épuisée physiquement, mais, depuis le retour de l'empereur, un grand apaisement moral s'était fait en elle et elle vivait d'une vie intérieure très intense, parlant peu, cédant enfin à ce besoin impérieux de repos qui la sollicitait depuis longtemps. Elle était heureuse de ne plus avoir à lutter, et de pouvoir se consacrer tout entière à ceux qu'elle aimait d'un si grand amour. Seule Marie Nicolaïévna lui donnait encore de l'inquiétude. Elle était tombée malade beaucoup plus tard que ses sœurs et son état s'était aggravé par suite d'une pneumonie de nature fort pernicieuse; son organisme, quelque très robuste, avait de la peine à reprendre le dessus. Elle était, d'ailleurs, victime de sa propre générosité. Cette jeune fille de dix-sept ans s'était dépensée sans compter pendant les journées révolutionnaires. Elle avait été le plus ferme soutien de sa mère. Dans la nuit du 13 mars, elle avait commis l'imprudence de sortir avec l'impératrice pour aller parler aux soldats, s'exposant ainsi au froid, alors qu'elle ressentait les premières atteintes de la maladie. Par bonheur, les autres enfants allaient mieux et se trouvaient déjà en pleine période de convalescence. ...

English translation (by Holt):

... It was only after long hesitation that the Czar, in his anxiety, had decided on March 8th, 1917, to leave Tsarskoïe-Sélo and go to G. H. Q.

His departure was a great blow to the Czarina, for to the fears aroused in her breast by the politics situation had been added her anxiety about Alexis Nicolaïevitch. The Czarevitch had been in bed with measles for several days, and his condition had been aggravated by various complications. To crown everything, three of the Grand-Duchesses had also been taken ill, and there was no one but Marie Nicolaïevna to help the mother.

On March 10th we learned that trouble had broken out in Petrograd and that bloody collisions had taken place between police and demonstrators.

The fact was that for several days the shortage of food had produced feelings of bitter discontent in the poorer quarters of the city. There had been processions, and mobs had appeared in the streets demanding bread.

I realised that Her Majesty had a good deal on her mind, for, contrary to her usual habit, she spoke freely about political events, and told me that Protopopoff had accused the Socialists of conducting an active propaganda among railway employees with a view to preventing the provisioning of the city, and thus precipitating a revolution.

On the 11th the situation suddenly became very critical and the most alarming news arrived without warning. The mob made its way into the centre of the town, and the troops, who had been called in the previous evening, were offering but slight resistance.

I heard also that an Imperial ukase had ordered the sittings of the Duma to be suspended, but that, in view of the grave events in progress, the Assembly had disregarded the decree for its prorogation and decided to form an executive committee charged with the duty of restoring order.

The fighting was renewed with greater violence the next morning, and the insurgents managed to secure possession of the arsenal. Towards the evening I was told on the telephone from Petrograd that reserve elements of several regiments — had made common cause with them. This piece of news absolutely appalled the Czarina. She had been extremely anxious since the previous evening, and realised that the peril was imminent.

She had spent these two days between the rooms of the Grand-Duchesses and that of Alexis Nicolaïevitch, who had taken a turn for the worse, but she always did her utmost to conceal her torturing anxiety from the invalids.

At half-past ten on the morning of the 13th the Czarina beckoned me to step into an adjoining room just as I was entering the Czarevitch's bedroom. She told me that the capital was actually in the hands of the revolutionaries and that the Duma had just set up a Provisional Government with Rodzianko at its head.

"The Duma has shown itself equal to the occasion", she said. "I think it has realised the danger which is threatening the country, but I'm afraid it is too late. A Revolutionary-Socialist Committee has been formed which will not recognise the authority of the Provisional Government. I have just received a telegram from the Czar saying that he will be here at six in the morning, but he wants us to leave Tsarskoïe-Selo for Gatchina, or else go to meet him. Please make all arrangements for Alexis's departure."

The necessary orders were given. Her Majesty was a prey to terrible doubt and hesitation. She informed Rodzianko of the serious condition of the Czarevitch and the Grand-Duchesses, but he replied: "When a house is burning the invalids are the first to be taken out."

At four o'clock Dr. Derevenko came back from the hospital and told us that the whole network of railways round Petrograd was already in the hands of the revolutionaries, so that we could not leave, and it was highly improbable that the Czar would be able to reach us.

About nine in the evening Baroness Buxhœveden entered my room. She had just heard that the garrison of Tsarskoïe-Selo had mutinied and that there was firing in the streets. She was going to tell the Czarina, who was with the Grand-Duchesses. As a matter of fact, she came into the corridor at that moment and the Baroness told her how things stood. We went to the windows. We saw General Reissine, who had taken up position outside the palace at the head of two companies of the composite regiment. I also saw some marines of the bodyguard and cossacks of the escort. The park gates had been occupied in special strength, the men being drawn up in four ranks, ready to fire.

At that moment we heard on the telephone that the rebels were coming in our direction and had just killed a sentry less than five hundred yards from the palace. The sound of firing came steadily nearer and a fight seemed inevitable. The Czarina was horrorstruck at the idea that blood might be shed under her very eyes; she went out with Marie Nicolaïevna and exhorted the men to keep cool. She begged them to parley with the rebels. It was a terrible moment, and our hearts almost stopped beating with suspense. A single mistake and there would have been a hand-to-hand fight followed by bloodshed. However, the officers stepped in and a parley began. The rebels were impressed by the words of their old leaders and the resolute attitude of the troops which remained faithful.

The excitement gradually subsided and a neutral zone was fixed between the two camps.

Thus was the night passed, and in the morning formal orders from the Provisional Government arrived which put an end to the dreadful situation.

In the afternoon Her Majesty sent for the Grand Duke Paul and asked him if he knew where the Czar was. The Grand Duke did not know. When the Czarina questioned him about the situation he replied that in his opinion the grant of a constitution at once could alone avert the peril. The Czarina shared that view, but could do nothing, as she had been unable to communicate with the Czar since the previous evening.

The day of the 15th passed in an oppressive suspense. At 3.30 a.m. next morning Dr. Botkin was called to the telephone by a member of the Provisional Government, who asked him for news of Alexis Nicolaïevitch. (We heard subsequently that a report of his death had been circulating in the city.)

The Czarina's ordeal was continued the next day. It was three days since she had had any news of the Czar and her forced inaction made her anguish all the more poignant. (No one can have any idea of what the Czarina suffered during these days when she was despairing at her son's bedside and had no news of the Czar. She reached the extreme limits of human resistance in this last trial, in which originated that wonderful and radiant serenity which was to sustain her and her family to the day of their death.)

Towards the end of the afternoon the news of the Czar's abdication reached the palace. The Czarina refused to believe it, asserting it was a canard. But soon afterwards the Grand Duke Paul arrived to confirm it. She still refused to believe it, and it was only after hearing all the details he gave her that Her Majesty yielded to the evidence. The Czar had abdicated at Pskoff the previous evening in favour of his brother, the Grand Duke Michael.

The Czarina's despair almost defied imagination, but her great courage did not desert her. I saw her in Alexis Nicolaïevitch's room that same evening. Her face was terrible to see, but, with a strength of will which was almost superhuman, she had forced herself to come to the children's rooms as usual so that the young invalids, who knew nothing of what had happened since the Czar had left for G. H. Q., should suspect nothing.

Late at night we heard that the Grand Duke Michael had renounced the throne, and that the fate of Russia was to be settled by the Constituent Assembly.

Next morning I found the Czarina in Alexis Nicolaïevitch's room. She was calm, but very pale. She looked very much thinner and ever so much older in the last few days.

In the afternoon Her Majesty received a telegram from the Czar in which he tried to calm her fears, and told her that he was at Mohileff pending the imminent arrival of the Dowager Empress.

Three days passed. At half-past ten on the morning of the 21st Her Majesty summoned me and told me that General Korniloff had been sent by the Provisional Government to inform her that the Czar and herself were under arrest and that all those who did not wish to be kept in close confinement must leave the palace before four o'clock. I replied that I had decided to stay with them.

"The Czar is coming back to-morrow. Alexis must be told everything. Will you do it? I am going to tell the girls myself."

It was easy to see how she suffered when she thought of the grief of the Grand-Duchesses on hearing that their father had abdicated. They were ill, and the news might make them worse.

I went to Alexis Nicolaïevitch and told him that the Czar would be returning from Mohileff next morning and would never go back there again.

"Why?"

"Your father does not want to be Commander-in-Chief any more."

He was greatly moved at this, as he was very fond of going to G. H. Q.

After a moment or two I added:

"You know, your father does not want to be Czar any more, Alexis Nicolaïévitch."

He looked at me in astonishment, trying to read in my face what had happened.

"What! Why?"

"He is very tired and has had a lot of trouble lately."

"Oh yes! Mother told me they stopped his train when he wanted to come here. But won't papa be Czar again afterwards?"

I then told him that the Czar had abdicated in favour of the Grand Duke Michael, who had also renounced the throne.

"But who's going to be Czar, then?"

"I don't know. Perhaps nobody now. ..."

There was a silence, and then he said:

"But if there isn't a Czar, who's going to govern Russia?"

I explained that a Provisional Government had been formed and that it would govern the state until the Constituent Assembly met, when his uncle Michael would perhaps mount the throne.

One again I was struck by the modesty of the boy.

At four o'clock the doors of the palace were closed. We were prisoners! The composite regiment had been relieved by a regiment from the garrison of Tsarskoïe-Selo, and the soldiers on sentry duty were there not to protect us, but to keep guard over us.

At eleven o'clock on the morning of the 22nd the Czar arrived, accompanied by Prince Dolgorouky, the Marshal of the Court. He went straight up to the children's room, where the Czarina was waiting for him.

After luncheon he went into the room of Alexis Nicolaïevitch, where I was, and greeted me with his usual unaffected kindness. But I could tell by his pale, worn face that he too had suffered terribly during his absence.

Yet, despite the circumstances, the Czar's return was a day of rejoicing to his family. The Czarina and Marie Nicolaïevna, as well as the other children, when they had been told what had occured, had been a prey to such dreadful doubts and fears on his account! It was a great comfort to be all together in such times of trial. It seemed as if it made their troubles less unbearable, and as if their boundless love for each other was a dynamic force which enabled them to face any degree of suffering.

In spite of the self-control which was habitual with the Czar, he was unable to conceal his immense distress, though his soon recovered in the bosom of his family. He spent most of the day with them, and otherwise read or went for walks with Prince Dolgorouky. At first he had been forbidden to go into the park, and was only allowed the enjoyment of a small garden contiguous to the palace. It was still under snow. A cordon of sentries was posted around it.

Yet the Czar accepted all these restraints with extraordinary serenity and moral grandeur. No word of reproach ever passed his lips. The fact was that his whole being was dominated by one passion, which was more powerful even than the bonds between himself and his family — love of country. We felt he was ready to forgive anything to those who were inflicting such humiliations upon him so long as they were capable of saving Russia.

The Czarina spent almost all her time on a chaise longue in the Grand-Duchesses' room, or else with Alexis Nicolaïevitch. Her anxieties and the emotional strain had exhausted her physically, but since the Czar's return she had found great moral relief, and lived closely with her own thoughts, speaking little and finally yielding to that urgent need for rest which had long assailed her. She was glad she need struggle no longer and that she could wholly devote herself to those she loved so tenderly.

She was now anxious about Marie Nicolaïevna only. The latter had been taken ill much later than her sisters, and her condition was aggravated by a severe attack of pneumonia of a virulent kind. Her constitution was excellent, but she had all she could do to survive. She was also the victim of her own devotion. This girl of seventeen had spent herself without reflection during the revolution. She had been her mother's greatest comfort and stand-by. During the night of March 13th she had been rash enough to go out with her mother to speak to the soldiers, thus exposing herself to the cold, even though she realised that her illness was beginning. Fortunately the other children were better, and already on the road to convalescence. ...

Alexei's letter to Alexandra, dated November 15, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


Pierre Gilliard's letter of the same day to Alexandra:


The letter:

Ставка 15 Ноября 1915 г.
Дорогая моя Мама.
Сегодня я утром с Папа были в Церкви и потом завтракали. После завтрака я мучил Бельгийца и Японца в маленькой комнате около сталовой. Когда Папа пришел в кабинет я пошел отдыхать. После обедни Папа пошел в Штаб. Потом я гулял в саду и после завтрака я тоже пошел в сад. После прогулки я пишу Тебе. Папа толькочто пошел чай пить. Мисю Жилик старается написать чтонибудь умное Тебе в письме. Толькочто получил Твое письмо. Очень благодарю Тебя и сестер за дорогие письма. Целую Вас крепко. Да хранит Вас Господь Бог!
Любящий Вас
Алексей
Кланяйся всем. Давлю Вас. Ура!

English translation (my own):

Stavka, November 15, 1915
My dear Mama.
This morning Papa and I were at Church and then we had breakfast. After breakfast I tormented the Belgian and the Japanese man in a small room near the dining room. When Papa went to the office, I went to rest. After obednya, Papa went to the Headquarters. Then I walked in the garden and after breakfast I also went to the garden. After the walk I am writing to you. Papa just went to tea. Monsieur Zhilik is trying to write something smart to You in a letter. Just received Your letter. I thank You and sisters for Your dear letters. I kiss You firmly. The Lord God keep You!
Your loving
Alexei
Bow to everyone. I squeeze You. Hurrah!


Above: Alexei with Pierre Gilliard.


Above: Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.

Notes: obednya (обедня) = Mass in the Russian Orthodox Church.

Zhilik was a nickname Alexei and his sisters used for Pierre Gilliard, their French tutor.

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 15, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
Hier après déjeuner Alexis Nicolaévitch S'est promené avec Sa Majesté au jardin et a joué dans la neige.

Il est rentré pour écrire à Votre Majesté et le soir Il a lu à haute voix pendant une heure.

La nuit a été très bonne et ce matin Il a accompagné Sa Majesté à 10 heures et quart à l'Église.

Le temps aujourd'hui est superbe: un beau soleil et 10 degrés de froid, un air sec et tonifiant. Alexis Nicolaévitch s'est promené en rentrant de l'Église au jardin jusqu'au déjeuner qu'Il a pris à la table commune.

Il est tout à fait bien ces 2 derniers jours, l'appétit est excellent et Il se donne toutes les peines du monde pour ressembler bientôt à Son ami le général belge.

Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et le très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand Quartier général
Ce 15 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

Madame,
Yesterday after lunch Alexei Nikolaevich walked with His Majesty in the garden and played in the snow.

He came home to write to Your Majesty, and in the evening He read aloud for an hour.

The night was very good and this morning He accompanied His Majesty at quarter past ten to the Church.

The weather today is superb: beautiful sunshine and 10 degrees of cold, dry and invigourating air. Alexei Nikolaevich walked on his way back from the Church to the garden until he had lunch at the common table.

He has been fine for the past two days, his appetite is excellent and he is going to the trouble of the world to soon look like his friend the Belgian general.

I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand General Headquarters
This November 15, 1915


Above: Pierre Gilliard with Alexei.


Above: Alexei with the Belgian general.


Above: Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 16, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

[Madame,]
Alexis Nicolaévitch s'est de nouveau promené avec Sa Majesté hier après-midi au jardin, puis Il a écrit Sa lettre habituelle.

Le soir Il a lu à haute voix en russe et en français; nous arriverons demain au bout du livre que Monsieur Pétrof avait préparé pour Lui.

Alexis Nicolaévitch a bien dormi et ce matin Il a travaillé avec application préparant Ses leçons de russe et d'arithmétique.

Cet après-midi à quatre heures il y aura une représentation cinématographique pour la grande joie d'Alexis Nicolaévitch.

Il me charge de dire à Votre Majesté qu'Il regrette beaucoup de ne pas avoir le temps d'écrire aujourd'hui à Votre Majesté puisqu'Il a travaillé ce matin et qu'il y aura le cinématographe cet après-midi.

Au moment où j'écris à Votre Majesté Il Se prépare à descendre au jardin avant le déjeuner.

Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand Quartier général
Ce 16 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

[Madame,]
Alexei Nikolaevich walked again with His Majesty yesterday afternoon in the garden, then He wrote His usual letter.

In the evening He read aloud in Russian and French; tomorrow we will come to the end of the book that Monsieur Petrov had prepared for Him.

Alexei Nikolaevich slept well and this morning He worked diligently preparing for His lessons in Russian and arithmetic.

This afternoon at four o'clock there will be a cinematographic representation, to the great joy of Alexei Nikolaevich.

He instructs me to tell Your Majesty that He very much regrets not having time to write to Your Majesty today since He worked this morning and there will be the cinematograph this afternoon.

As I write to Your Majesty He is preparing to go down to the garden before breakfast.

I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand General Headquarters
This November 16, 1915


Above: Alexei with his tutors.


Above: Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.

Alexei's letter to Alexandra, dated November 26, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Ставка, 26 Ноября 1915 г.
Дорогая моя Мама.
Вчера мы приехали в 4.20 вечера. Благодарю Тебя за письмо. Сегодня в 10 чисов был порад. Я и Папа обошли Офицеров которые стояли в 2 ширенги потом обошли солдат и потом был молебен под дождем. Потом они прошли мимо нас. Была грясь. После порада солдаты пошли завтракать. Я и Папа пошли смотреть как солдаты жрали. Папа сказал им речь и мы ушли под криками «ура». Папа завтракал с Офицерами. Солдаты прислали мне ихнию порцию. Видел Наврузова.
Очень Вас давлю. Да хранит Вас Бог.
Любящий Вас
Атаман

English translation (my own):

Stavka, November 26, 1915
My dear Mama.
Yesterday we arrived at 4.20 p. m. I thank You for the letter. Today at 10 o'clock I was pleased. Papa and I walked around the officers who were standing at 2 ranks, then walked around the soldiers and then there was a moleben in the rain. Then they passed us. There was dirt. After the feast the soldiers went to have breakfast. Papa and I went to watch the soldiers eat. Papa gave them a speech and we left with cheers "hurrah". Papa had breakfast with the Officers. The soldiers sent me their portion. I saw Navruzov.
I squeeze You a lot. God keep You.
Your loving
Ataman


Above: Nicholas and Alexandra with Alexei.

Note: moleben (молебен) = thanksgiving prayer service.

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 26, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
Le voyage s'est effectué dans de bonnes conditions et à quatre heures et demie Alexis Nicolaévitch se trouvait réinstallé dans les chambres qu'Il avait quittées 8 jours auparavant. Le soir Il a eu de la peine à s'endormir, mais à partir de 11 heures la nuit a été bonne.

Depuis hier matin Il se plaint un peu du genou gauche, à la suite d'une chute qu'Il a faite Mardi après-midi.

Ce matin heureusement cela allait mieux et à 10 heures Il a accompagné Sa Majesté à la parade. C'était un coup d'oeil vraiment remarquable que toutes ces poitrines couvertes de croix et de médailles qui de loin formaient comme une ligne ininterrompue. Il y avait des soldats avec 4 croix et quatre médailles!

Un spectacle curieux aussi c'était de voir un officier et un matelot anglais défiler dans le rang avec tous les autres chevaliers de Saint Georges.

Après la parade Alexis Nicolaévitch a lu à haute voix en russe. Puis à midi Il a accompagné Sa Majesté dans la maison du Tribunal et a passé le long des tables où allaient déjeuner les sous-officiers et soldats, chevaliers de Saint Georges.

Il est rentré ensuite et a déjeuné seul avec moi.

Cet après-midi Il n'est pas sorti car le temps est malheureusement très mauvais: un mélange de pluie et de neige.

Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand Quartier général
Ce 26 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

Madame,
The journey took place in good conditions and at half past four Alexei Nikolaevich found himself reinstalled in the rooms he had left 8 days earlier. In the evening He had trouble falling asleep, but from 11 o'clock the night was good.

Since yesterday morning He has been complaining a little about his left knee, following a fall He suffered on Tuesday afternoon.

This morning fortunately things were better and at 10 o'clock He accompanied His Majesty to the parade. It was a truly remarkable sight, all those chests covered with crosses and medals which from a distance formed an unbroken line. There were soldiers with 4 crosses and four medals!

It was also a curious sight to see an English officer and sailor marching in line with all the other knights of Saint George.

After the parade Alexei Nikolaevich read aloud in Russian. Then at noon He accompanied His Majesty to the house of the Tribunal and passed along the tables where the non-commissioned officers and soldiers, knights of Saint George, were going to lunch.

He then came home and had lunch alone with me.

This afternoon He did not go out because the weather was unfortunately very bad: a mixture of rain and snow.

I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand General Headquarters
This November 26, 1915


Above: Nicholas and Alexei during a moleben (thanksgiving prayer service).


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Pierre Gilliard with Alexei.

Nicholas's letter to Alix, dated May 31, 1894

Source:

George Hawkins at Letters and writings of Nicholas II and his family on Facebook


The letter:

Many tender kisses, my own sweety, I long for a look at the deep ocean coloured lovely eyes! How true it is (in your case certainly so) that the eyes are the mirror of the soul! But this time really good-night, my little owl, my enchantress, my treasure, my life, my own sweetest Alix!


Above: Nicholas and Alix.

Nicholas's letter to Alix, dated May 17/29, 1894

Sources:

Alexandra Feodorovna: Diaries and Correspondence, volume 2: Engagement and Marriage, 1894, pages 96 to 97, by George Hawkins, 2023


May 17/29. 1894. Красное Село.
N 27.
My own precious darling Alix,
As apparently no letter from you will come today, I sit down and take a new pen (the one I had yesterday was horrid) and begin writing to you. The weather is simply atrocious, it is cold, windy and rainy, quite a dirty weather. I have nothing to do because the men could not work as the soil is slimy and there is water everywhere! But I read in the morning and received a gentleman, one of our secretaries in London, a great friend of aunt Marie's. His name is Boutinoff, he came here for a month's leave, straight fr. England and he told me he had seen you at a drawing room in March. He is the first person whom I was eager to hear from about my darling, but he had unluckily nothing particular to speak about. He had even a glimpse of a smile about the corners of his mouth — the impudent man — seeing how eager I was! Ist das aber ein Grobian? I rejoiced calmly looking through the window at his departure, the rain coming down in torrents and he doubling himself up trying to get into the carriage with two boxes under the arm — for arranging his toilet I suppose.

Yes! the camp is of no good to civilians and especially in such weather. It is still quiet in my little house, it helps me to think of my own sweet little girly-dear, it is quite calm as if I were writing in the night, what one ought not to do, but is so nice though!

After luncheon I read the papers and looked through different illustrations, the french ones are sometimes too bad, but nevertheless you can't keep from laughing out loud if even you are alone! I should very much like to know why the english papers got suddenly so interested in my coming to their country? They call a 'visit' those fools! I read it yesterday in the Pall Mall and there also it was put about you that you had left Cumberland Lodge for Harrogate for a fortnightly cure! I think it too bad of those reporters coming there and asking such stupid questions. But i was sure that would happen; in our days names incognito are hopeless and of no use; before you have started on a journey people know already everything about it!

I took a walk just now, my dog and I, we came home ¾ of an hour later looking like pigs, with lumps of dirt up to the knees. My face was as red and as wet as a juicy beefsteak and my hands like muttonchops — not quite underdone! That reminded again of my girly-darling, when you and Ella came back from the Rosenau on the eve of the great day!

What a memory the child has got! Of course you are quite right, that poor old general who lost his wife lately was certainly your neighbour at balls and suppers, rather deaf, and his brother is the admiral, who is still older than he!

We have had our dinner at 8. They made me speak about my journey, namely about China and Japan. I don't like when many people are listening to me, I don't know, I always feel uncomfortable at the idea that they might think I liked to play the part of a sort of explorer of the world. How many hundreds of ladies have been quite round the globe nowadays, there is really nothing to boast of!

After that I played the piano and thought the whole time of you, my own love. Then I sat down a while, eating a basket of strawberries, read all your sweet delightful letters through, I have already got a real literature of those treasures. If you knew what they are to me when I have not got my own little girl by my side! Oh! may God bless you, my beloved precious Alix, for this happiness, which his His greatest gift to a man! I love you more every day, my gentle Sweetheart! With tender kisses, my precious love, my own Darling, my pet, I remain ever and for ever yr. most loving, faithful and devoted
Nicky


Above: Nicholas and Alix.

Note: "Ist das aber ein Grobian?" = "Isn't he a ruffian?"

Alix's letter to Nicholas on his 26th birthday, dated May 6 and 7/18 and 19 (New Style), 1894

Sources:

Alexandra Feodorovna: Diaries and Correspondence, volume 2: Engagement and Marriage, 1894, pages 62 to 64, by George Hawkins, 2023

George Hawkins at Letters and writings of Nicholas II and his family on Facebook


I have previously posted an excerpt from this letter here:


Nicholas's letter of the same day:


Nicholas's reply of the next day:


The letter:

Windsor Castle
May 18th 1894, 12 midnight
My own sweet love, It is your Birthday still a minute or two, so I can yet wish you joy and prosperity. I have longed for you so much all day, and felt happy and yet melancholy at the thought of it being yr. Birthday. Granny and the Aunts raised a glass for Ники dear. I sat between Lord Salisbury and Mr Goschen who never ceased speaking and now the theatre in the drawing room is just over. Duse acted in Locandaria. I am quite thrilled — she is wonderful, so sympathetic that one finds her lovely, what an impression in face and voice and such a soft tone. It was a real treat seeing her, I understood almost all, tho' they spoke so fearfully fast, so don't laugh at the owl with her Italian, you beasty. If I were a man, I could perfectly understand her turning my head — she is delightful and so simple and graceful. Granny spoke afterwards to her when all was over.

This afternoon we went to the review of the Yeomanry wh. was nice and then I drove Sandra in the cart, after which Schneiderlein came and I made Madelaine crimp and do her hair, and I helped, and put flowers in her pretty square dress, she looked so sweet. She had as yet always dined alone.

The weather has been glorious all day, sunny, warm and windy wh. latter made all freeze but I liked it I must say. Aunt Marie Leiningen has come, dear thing, I am so fond of her. Now I must go to bed as I am sitting in my dressing gown, and Madelaine instead of taking down my hair, took the dog for a moment into the courtyard. Que Dieux te bénisse my Ники sweet. Sleep gently and dream sweetly and wake up to-morrow cheerful and joyous. I am looking forward to hearing how you spent this dear day. Thanks so much for having congratulated Miechen from me. Good night my own true love and may His angels keep watch over you now and for ever. Many tender kisses and fervent blessings I shall pray for you. Love is as deep as the sea, and the more one loves, the more one has.

May 19th. Good morning dearie. I have been nearly driven mad this morning, as people have been running into my room the whole time asking questions, it is so perfectly odious. But I am not going out driving with Grandmama, wh. I must say I am glad of, as it takes up so much time.

One of Granny's Ladies has brought a lovely Levre inkstand from her and her Father, so kind. I drove Scheiderlein again this morning. I have unluckily no time for learning anything for her, but I hope in Harrogate.

Your sweet letter has come, tenderest thanks for it. It is again a real sweet one — oh Nicky dear, you are such an angel, so much too good and kind for me, you spoil me. Yes darling, indeed it is bliss to know that at last we have a right to love each other and that these years of trial have ended thus happily. And what a heart full of love you offer, God bless you for it, my beloved One. My whole life I give you in return and the full power of a woman's love. If you only knew what you are to me. I never can thank God Almighty enough for this happiness He has given me, feeling so sure of your true love makes the parting in one day less hard. What I should do without your letters, I don't know.

One of Granny's Maids of Honour has died. I have known her for years, it is too sad. When we were over here in March we saw her, but I left without any of us having said goodbye to her, as her sister was dying. She was unconscious when she came there and died. And now she, poor thing, has died. All who knew her love her, she was such an excellent creature with a very warm heart and with a rough manner. But her life never was a happy one as her mother disliked her and she had much sorrow, so one must be really thankful for her being taken out of this world with all its cares and worrys.

I had tea with the Ladies and we conversed in every possible language under the sun, but before [a page seems to be missing here] Сегодня мы ходили пѣшкомь зъ Итнѣ и Frl. Schneider покупала гобку. She was shocked at this and wishes me only to say разныя вещи. My room looks in a sad state, as the half of my things have been packed up and the rest remain here. My address is: Baroness Starkenburg, Cathcart House, Prospect place, Harrogate, Yorkshire.

But my sweet love I must say Goodbye. With fond love and tender kisses I am My own sweet Nicky dear, yr. Ever loving and truly devoted bride
Аликсъ

God bless you душки I am счастливый (?) in your love.

My next letter will be from Cumberland Lodge and Seihert is my servant and Christle is Louie Aribert's eldest brother. Goodbye love. They give Faust here to-night. Mme Alliani sings Marguerite.


Above: Nicholas and Alix.

Notes: "Owing to the calendar difference increasing by a day from February 29 1900, the correct date is now May 6/19)."

"Que Dieux te bénisse my Ники sweet." = "God bless you my Ники (Nicky) sweet."

"Сегодня мы ходили пѣшкомь зъ Итнѣ и Frl. Schneider покупала гобку" = "We went on foot to Eton and Frl. Schneider bought a robe."

разныя вещи = different things.

душки = darling.

счастливый (?) = happy (?); in correct Russian the feminine form is счастливая, or счастлива for short.

Alexandra's letter to Nicholas, dated August 30, 1915, and Nicholas's telegram, dated August 30, 1915

Sources:

Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914-1916, published by Duckworth & Co., 1923



The letter:

No. 107.
Tsarskoje Selo, Aug. 30-th 1915
My own beloved Darling,
Again a lovely sunny morning with a fresh breeze — one appreciates the bright weather so much after the grey weather we had & darkness. With eagerness I throw myself every morning upon the Novoje Vremia, & thank God every day good things are to be read about our brave troops, — such consolation, ever since you came God really sent His blessing through you to the troops & one sees with what new energy they fight. — Could one but say the same thing about the interior questions. Gutchkov ought to be got rid of, only how is the question, war-time — is there nothing one could hook on to have him shut up. He hunts after anarchy & against our dynasty, wh. our Friend said God would protect — but its loathsome to see his game, his speeches & underhand work. On Thursday their questions in the Duma are coming out, luckily a week late — could one not shut it before — only dont change the old man now, later when it pleases you, Gorem. agrees to this, Andron. & Khvostov — that it would be playing into their hands. They cannot get over yr. firmness, as had sworn they would not let you go — now you keep on in this spirit. You are still as full of energy & firmness, tell me Lovy?

Its horrid not being with you. Have so many questions to ask & things to say & alas, we have no cypher together — cannot through Drent. & by telegraph do not dare either — as others watch them — am sure the ministers who are badly intentioned towards me, will keep an eye upon me, & then that makes one nervous what to write. — We went to Church & then had luncheon on the balkony, Sonia too. — I received 5 of my Alexandr. as its their visit. — Then Maximovitch & we had a long talk about everything — he was glad to see my spirits up & my energy, & I begged him also to pay attention — the same Css. Fred. told him about Orlov who before him neither dares say anything incorrect. O. now spreads that our Friend had him sent away — others say he lives at T. S., as before they said we had Ernie here.

I saw Mme Ridiger, the widow of one of the Georgian officers, he is buried at Bromberg — I have asked her to look after my Sanatorium at Massandra. Here is wire A. got from our Friend just now. —

"On the first news of the Ratniki being called, inquire carefully when our (his) government is to go. Gods will, those are the last crumbs of the whole. Gracious St. Nicolas, may he work miracles." — Can you find out when those of his government (Tobolsk) are taken & let me at once know. — I suppose in yr. staff all is marked down exactly. Does it mean his boy, but he is not a ratnik. So strange, when Praskovia left, he said she would not see her boy again. —

Maksim. found hospitals in good order, but the atmosphere needing a strong hand to keep order — he finds Yussupov ought to go back again & not stick here, with wh. I agree. —

Botkin told me, as Gardinsky (Ania's friend) was returning fr. the south, where he had been to see his mother, in the train he heard two gentlemen speaking nasty about me & he at once smacked them in the face & said they could complain if they liked but he had done his duty & would do it to all who allowed themselves to speak so. Of course they shut up. — Just energy & courage are needed, & all goes well. — Am anxious, no wire from you, whether you got my telegram last night about the Tail — Khvostov — he made such an excellent impression upon her, & I should like you to have read my letter before settling with Gorem. & did you get both letters on Saturday. — You are too far away, one cant get at you quickly. —

Only quickly shut the Duma before their "questions" can come out. Continue being energetic. Maksim. was delighted. To Botk. I told a lot to make him understand things, as he is not always as I should wish — he saw I know all & could make him understand things he was unclear about. I talk away, its necessary to shake all up & show them how to think & act. —

Can you give, or send through yr. man the enclosed letter to N. P. — not through Dmitri only — as he wld. make remarks that we write. It will amuse you how Anastasia writes to him. — I enclose a petition from our Friend, you write your decision upon it, I think it certainly might be done. — Aeroplans are flying overhead, I am in bed, resting before dinner. — If there is anything interesting, can yr. Mama & I get the news in the evening as its long waiting till the next morning. — Now must end. Goodbye & God bless you my Beloved, my Sunshine, my life. Miss you greatly. Kiss you over & over again. Ever yr. very own wify
Alix.

Bow to old man. — It seems La Guiche when here shortly, spoke against N. being changed, in the club (Sandro L. heard it) so be a little careful what sort of man he is. — All look upon yr. new work as a great exploit.

A. kisses you very tenderly. Please quickly give me an answer.

Nicholas's telegram:

Telegram. Stavka. 30 August, 1915.
Heartfelt thanks for two dear letters, which I received yesterday evening. I saw the old man; we spoke of many things, but I postponed the final decision till my return. To-day, to my great joy, Keller suddenly appeared, looking well. He is returning to the front. I gave him your greetings. Delightful weather...


Above: Nicholas and Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.

Notes: Alexandra often referred to Grigori Rasputin as "our Friend".

ratnik (ратник) = warrior, soldier (archaic word).