Showing posts with label 1917. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1917. Show all posts

Saturday, May 20, 2023

Pierre Gilliard on Alexandra taking care of affairs and her sick children during the Russian Revolution, the news of Nicholas's abdication, and the beginning of the family's captivity, February and March 1917 (New Style)

Sources:

Treize années à la cour de Russie: Le tragique destin de Nicolas II et de sa famille, pages 174 to 183, by Pierre Gilliard, 1921


Thirteen Years at the Russian Court, pages 209 to 217, by Pierre Gilliard, translated by F. Appelby Holt, 1921



Above: Nicholas and Alexandra, signed "Papa" and "Mama" as a gift for their children.


Above: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia and Alexei with their heads shaved bald while recovering from measles.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

The account:

... Ce n'est qu'après de longues hésitations que l'empereur déjà inquiet s'était décidé, le 8 mars 1917, à quitter Tsarskoïé-Sélo pour se rendre au G. Q. G.

Son départ affecta tout particulièrement l'impératrice, car aux appréhensions que faisait naître la situation politique venaient s'ajouter les craintes que lui inspirait Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Le tsarévitch, en effet, était alité depuis plusieurs jours, ayant la rougeole, et diverses complications étaient venues aggraver son état. Pour comble de malheur, trois des grandes-duchesses étaient tombées malades à leur tour, et Marie Nicolaïévna était seule à pouvoir seconder sa mère.

Le 10 mars, nous apprenions que des troubles avaient éclaté à Pétrograd et que des collisions sanglantes s'étaient produites entre la police et les manifestants.

C'est que, depuis plusieurs jours, la rareté des vivres avait suscité un violent mécontentement dans les quartiers populaires. Des cortèges s'étaient formés et la foule avait parcouru les rues de la ville en réclamant du pain.

Je compris que Sa Majesté était très préoccupée, car, faisant exception à sa règle habituelle, elle me parla des événements politiques et me dit que Protopopof accusait les socialistes de chercher, par une propagande active auprès des cheminots, à empêcher le ravitaillement de la ville afin d'exciter le peuple à la révolution.

Le 11, la situation devenait subitement très critique et les nouvelles les plus alarmantes nous parvenaient coup sur coup. L'émeute gagnait le centre de la ville et la troupe qu'on avait fait intervenir depuis la veille résistait faiblement.

J'appris également qu'un ukase de l'empereur était venu ordonner la suspension de la Douma, mais que, vu la gravité des événements, l'assemblée avait passé outre à l'ordre de prorogation et décidé de procéder à la formation d'un Comité exécutif chargé de rétablir l'ordre.

Les combats reprenaient avec plus d'acharnement encore le lendemain, et les insurgés parvenaient à s'emparer de l'arsenal. Vers le soir on me téléphonait de Pétrograd que les éléments de réserve de plusieurs régiments de la garde: les régiments Paul, Préobrajensky, etc., avaient fait cause commune avec eux. Cette nouvelle frappa de stupeur l'impératrice. Depuis la veille, elle était extrêmement inquiète et se rendait compte de l'imminence du péril.

Pendant ces deux journées, elle avait passé tour à tour des chambres des grandes-duchesses à celle d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch, dont l'état de santé avait encore empiré, s'efforçant de cacher aux malades l'angoisse qui la torturait.

Le 13, à 9 h. ½ du matin, comme j'entre chez le tsarévitch, l'impératrice me fait signe de la suivre dans la salle à côté. Elle m'annonce que la capitale est, de fait, entre les mains des révolutionnaires et que la Douma vient de constituer un gouvernement provisoire à la tête duquel se trouve Rodzianko.

— La Douma s'est montrée à la hauteur des circonstances, me dit-elle. Elle a compris enfin, je crois, le danger qui menace le pays, mais je crains que ce ne soit trop tard: il s'est formé un comité socialiste-révolutionnaire qui ne veut pas reconnaître l'autorité du gouvernement provisoire. Je viens de recevoir de l'empereur un télégramme m'annonçant son arrivée pour 6 heures du matin. Mais il désire que nous quittions Tsarskoïé-Sélo pour Gatchina ou que nous nous portions à sa rencontre. Faites donc tout préparer pour le départ éventuel d'Alexis.

Les ordres sont donnés. Sa Majesté passe par de terribles hésitations. Elle a fait savoir à Rodzianko la gravité de l'état du tsarévitch et des grandes-duchesses. Il répond: «Quand une maison brûle, on commence par en emmener les malades.»

A quatre heures, le docteur Dérévenko rentre de l'hôpital et nous annonce que tout le réseau de chemin de fer des environs de Pétrograd est déjà occupé par les révolutionnaires, que nous ne pouvons pas partir et qu'il est peu probable que l'empereur puisse arriver.

Le soir, vers neuf heures, la baronne de Buxhœveden entre chez moi. Elle vient d'apprendre que la garnison de Tsarskoïé-Sélo s'est mutinée et que l'on tire dans la rue. Il faut avertir l'impératrice qui est auprès des grandes-duchesses. Précisément, elle sort dans le couloir et la baronne la met au courant de la situation. Nous nous approchons des fenêtres. Nous voyons le général Reissine qui, à la tête de deux compagnies du régiment combiné, prend position devant le palais. J'aperçois également des marins de l'équipage de la garde et des cosaques de l'escorte. Les grilles du parc ont été occupées par des postes renforcés, les hommes sur quatre rangs, prêts à tirer.

A ce moment nous apprenons par téléphone que les mutins s'avancent dans notre direction et qu'ils viennent de tuer un factionnaire à moins de 500 mètres du palais. Les coups de fusil se sont de plus en plus rapprochés, une collision semble inévitable. L'impératrice, affolée à l'idée que le sang va être répandu sous ses yeux, sort avec Marie Nicolaïévna et s'approche des soldats pour les exhorter au calme. Elle supplie qu'on parlemente avec les insurgés. Le moment est solennel. L'angoisse étreint tous les cœurs. Une imprudence, et c'est le corps à corps suivi de carnage. Cependant, des officiers s'interposent des deux côtés et l'on se met à discuter. Les paroles de leurs anciens chefs et l'attitude résolue de ceux qui sont restés fidèles en imposent aux mutins.

L'excitation tombe peu à peu et l'on finit par déterminer une zone neutre entre les deux camps.

La nuit se passe ainsi et, le matin, des ordres formels du gouvernement provisoire viennent mettre fin à cette situation angoissante.

Dans l'après-midi Sa Majesté fait appeler le grand-duc Paul et lui demande s'il sait où est l'empereur. Le grand-duc l'ignore. Aux questions que l'impératrice lui pose sur la situation, il répond que, seul, l'octroi immédiat d'une constitution peut encore, à son avis, conjurer le danger. L'impératrice se range à cette opinion, mais elle est impuissante, car, depuis la veille, elle ne peut plus communiquer avec l'empereur.

La journée du 15 se passe dans l'attente oppressée des événements. Dans la nuit, à 3 h. ½, le docteur Botkine est appelé au téléphone par un des membres du gouvernement provisoire qui lui demande des nouvelles d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch. (Le bruit de sa mort s'était répandu en ville, comme nous l'apprenons plus tard.)

Le supplice de l'impératrice continue le lendemain. C'est le troisième jour qu'elle est sans nouvelles de l'empereur et son angoisse s'augmente du fait de son inaction forcée. (Les tortures de l'impératrice en ces jours de mortelle angoisse où, sans nouvelles de l'empereur, elle se désespérait au chevet de son enfant malade, dépassèrent tout ce qu'on peut imaginer. Elle avait atteint la limite extrême de la résistance humaine, c'était la dernière épreuve d'où allait se dégager cette merveilleuse, cette lumineuse sérénité qui devait la soutenir, elle et les siens, jusqu'au jour de leur mort.)

A la fin de l'après-midi, la nouvelle de l'abdication de l'empereur parvient au palais. L'impératrice la repousse comme un bruit mensonger. Mais un peu plus tard le grand-duc Paul vient la lui confirmer. Elle se refuse encore à y croire et c'est seulement sur les précisions qu'il lui donne que Sa Majesté se rend enfin à l'évidence. L'empereur a abdiqué la veille au soir à Pskof en faveur de son frère, le grand-duc Michel.

Le désespoir de l'impératrice dépasse tout ce qu'on peut imaginer. Mais son grand courage ne l'abandonne pas. Je la revois, le soir, chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Son visage est ravagé, mais, par une force de volonté presque surhumaine, elle a tenu à venir comme d'habitude auprès des enfants, afin que rien ne trouble les jeunes malades qui ignorent tout ce qui s'est passé depuis le départ de l'empereur pour le G. Q. G.

Tard dans la nuit, nous apprenons que le grand-duc Michel s'est désisté et que c'est l'Assemblée constituante qui devra décider du sort de la Russie.

Je retrouve le lendemain l'impératrice chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Elle est calme, mais très pâle. Elle a effroyablement maigri et vieilli en ces quelques jours.

L'après-midi, Sa Majesté reçoit un télégramme de l'empereur où il cherche à la tranquiliser et lui annonce qu'il attend à Mohilef l'arrivée prochaine de l'impératrice douairière.

Trois jours passent. Le 21, à 10 h. ½ du matin, Sa Majesté me fait appeler et me dit que le général Kornilof est venu lui faire savoir, de la part du gouvernement provisoire, que l'empereur et elle sont mis en état d'arrestation, et que tous ceux qui ne veulent pas accepter le régime de la prison doivent avoir quitté le palais avant quatre heures. Je réponds que je suis décidé à rester.

— L'empereur rentre demain, il faut avertir Alexis, il faut tout lui dire... Voulez-vous le faire? Moi je vais aller parler aux petites.

On voit combien elle souffre à l'idée de l'émotion qu'elle va causer aux grandes-duchesses, malades, en leur annonçant l'abdication de leur père, émotion qui risque d'aggraver leur état.

Je rentre chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch et je lui dis que l'empereur va revenir le lendemain de Mohilef et qu'il n'y retournera plus.

— Pourquoi?

— Parce que votre papa ne veut plus être commandant en chef.

Cette nouvelle l'affecte vivement, car il aimait beaucoup à aller au G. Q. G.

Au bout d'un certain temps, j'ajoute:

— Vous savez, Alexis Nicolaïévitch, votre père ne veut plus être empereur.

Il me regarde, étonné, cherchant à lire sur ma figure ce qui se passe.

— Comment? Pourquoi?

— Parce qu'il est très fatigué et qu'il a eu de grandes difficultés ces derniers temps.

— Ah! oui! Maman m'a dit qu'on avait arrêté son train quand il voulait venir ici. Mais papa sera de nouveau empereur après?

Je lui explique alors que l'empereur a abdiqué en faveur du grand-duc Michel, lequel s'est désisté à son tour.

— Mais alors, qui est-ce qui sera empereur?

— Je ne sais pas, maintenant personne...

Pas un mot sur lui, pas une allusion à ses droits d'héritier. Il est très rouge et ému.

Au bout de quelques minutes de silence, il me dit:

— Mais alors, s'il n'y a plus d'empereur, qui est-ce qui va gouverner la Russie?

Je lui explique qu'il s'est formé un gouvernement provisoire qui devra s'occuper des affaires de l'État jusqu'à la réunion de l'Assemblée constituante et qu'alors, peut-être, son oncle Michel montera sur le trône.

Une fois de plus, je suis frappé de la modestie de cet enfant.

A quatre heures, la porte du palais se ferme. Nous sommes prisonniers! Le régiment combiné a été relevé par un régiment de la garnison de Tsarskoïé-Selo, et les soldats qui sont en faction ne sont plus là pour nous protéger, mais pour nous garder.

Le 22, à onze heures du matin, l'empereur arrive enfin, accompagné du Prince Dolgorouky, maréchal de la cour. Il monte immédiatement chez les enfants où l'impératrice l'attend.

Après le déjeuner, il entre dans la chambre d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch, où je me trouve à ce moment, et m'aborde avec sa simplicité et sa bienveillance habituelles. Mais, à voir son visage pâli et amaigri, on comprend combien il a effroyablement souffert, lui aussi, pendant son absence.

Le retour de l'empereur fut, malgré les circonstances, un jour de grand bonheur pour les siens. L'impératrice et Marie Nicolaïévna, aussi bien que les enfants malades, lorsqu'ils avaient été mis au courant de la situation, avaient éprouvé à son sujet tant de crainte et d'anxiété! C'était pour eux une grande consolation de se trouver tous réunis alors qu'ils étaient si durement éprouvés. Il leur semblait que leur douleur en était allégée et que l'immense amour qu'ils avaient les uns pour les autres était une force capable de leur faire supporter toutes les souffrances.

Malgré le maîtrise de soi qui lui était habituelle, l'empereur n'arrivait pas à cacher son profond ébranlement, mais il se remettait rapidement au milieu de l'affection des siens. Il leur consacrait la majeure partie de ses journées et, le reste du temps, il lisait ou se promenait avec le prince Dolgorouky. On lui avait interdit, au début, l'accès du parc et on ne lui avait laissé que la jouissance d'un petit jardin attenant au palais, encore couvert de neige et entouré d'un cordon de sentinelles. Mais l'empereur acceptait toutes ces rigueurs avec une sérénité et une grandeur d'âme remarquables. Jamais un mot de reproche ne sortit de ses lèvres. C'est qu'un sentiment dominait son être, plus puissant même que les liens qui l'attachaient aux siens: l'amour de son pays. On sentait qu'il était prêt à tout pardonner à ceux qui lui infligeaient ces humiliations, s'ils étaient capables de sauver la Russie.

L'impératrice passait presque tout son temps étendue sur une chaise longue dans la chambre des grandes-duchesses et chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Les émotions et les angoisses l'avaient épuisée physiquement, mais, depuis le retour de l'empereur, un grand apaisement moral s'était fait en elle et elle vivait d'une vie intérieure très intense, parlant peu, cédant enfin à ce besoin impérieux de repos qui la sollicitait depuis longtemps. Elle était heureuse de ne plus avoir à lutter, et de pouvoir se consacrer tout entière à ceux qu'elle aimait d'un si grand amour. Seule Marie Nicolaïévna lui donnait encore de l'inquiétude. Elle était tombée malade beaucoup plus tard que ses sœurs et son état s'était aggravé par suite d'une pneumonie de nature fort pernicieuse; son organisme, quelque très robuste, avait de la peine à reprendre le dessus. Elle était, d'ailleurs, victime de sa propre générosité. Cette jeune fille de dix-sept ans s'était dépensée sans compter pendant les journées révolutionnaires. Elle avait été le plus ferme soutien de sa mère. Dans la nuit du 13 mars, elle avait commis l'imprudence de sortir avec l'impératrice pour aller parler aux soldats, s'exposant ainsi au froid, alors qu'elle ressentait les premières atteintes de la maladie. Par bonheur, les autres enfants allaient mieux et se trouvaient déjà en pleine période de convalescence. ...

English translation (by Holt):

... It was only after long hesitation that the Czar, in his anxiety, had decided on March 8th, 1917, to leave Tsarskoïe-Sélo and go to G. H. Q.

His departure was a great blow to the Czarina, for to the fears aroused in her breast by the politics situation had been added her anxiety about Alexis Nicolaïevitch. The Czarevitch had been in bed with measles for several days, and his condition had been aggravated by various complications. To crown everything, three of the Grand-Duchesses had also been taken ill, and there was no one but Marie Nicolaïevna to help the mother.

On March 10th we learned that trouble had broken out in Petrograd and that bloody collisions had taken place between police and demonstrators.

The fact was that for several days the shortage of food had produced feelings of bitter discontent in the poorer quarters of the city. There had been processions, and mobs had appeared in the streets demanding bread.

I realised that Her Majesty had a good deal on her mind, for, contrary to her usual habit, she spoke freely about political events, and told me that Protopopoff had accused the Socialists of conducting an active propaganda among railway employees with a view to preventing the provisioning of the city, and thus precipitating a revolution.

On the 11th the situation suddenly became very critical and the most alarming news arrived without warning. The mob made its way into the centre of the town, and the troops, who had been called in the previous evening, were offering but slight resistance.

I heard also that an Imperial ukase had ordered the sittings of the Duma to be suspended, but that, in view of the grave events in progress, the Assembly had disregarded the decree for its prorogation and decided to form an executive committee charged with the duty of restoring order.

The fighting was renewed with greater violence the next morning, and the insurgents managed to secure possession of the arsenal. Towards the evening I was told on the telephone from Petrograd that reserve elements of several regiments — had made common cause with them. This piece of news absolutely appalled the Czarina. She had been extremely anxious since the previous evening, and realised that the peril was imminent.

She had spent these two days between the rooms of the Grand-Duchesses and that of Alexis Nicolaïevitch, who had taken a turn for the worse, but she always did her utmost to conceal her torturing anxiety from the invalids.

At half-past ten on the morning of the 13th the Czarina beckoned me to step into an adjoining room just as I was entering the Czarevitch's bedroom. She told me that the capital was actually in the hands of the revolutionaries and that the Duma had just set up a Provisional Government with Rodzianko at its head.

"The Duma has shown itself equal to the occasion", she said. "I think it has realised the danger which is threatening the country, but I'm afraid it is too late. A Revolutionary-Socialist Committee has been formed which will not recognise the authority of the Provisional Government. I have just received a telegram from the Czar saying that he will be here at six in the morning, but he wants us to leave Tsarskoïe-Selo for Gatchina, or else go to meet him. Please make all arrangements for Alexis's departure."

The necessary orders were given. Her Majesty was a prey to terrible doubt and hesitation. She informed Rodzianko of the serious condition of the Czarevitch and the Grand-Duchesses, but he replied: "When a house is burning the invalids are the first to be taken out."

At four o'clock Dr. Derevenko came back from the hospital and told us that the whole network of railways round Petrograd was already in the hands of the revolutionaries, so that we could not leave, and it was highly improbable that the Czar would be able to reach us.

About nine in the evening Baroness Buxhœveden entered my room. She had just heard that the garrison of Tsarskoïe-Selo had mutinied and that there was firing in the streets. She was going to tell the Czarina, who was with the Grand-Duchesses. As a matter of fact, she came into the corridor at that moment and the Baroness told her how things stood. We went to the windows. We saw General Reissine, who had taken up position outside the palace at the head of two companies of the composite regiment. I also saw some marines of the bodyguard and cossacks of the escort. The park gates had been occupied in special strength, the men being drawn up in four ranks, ready to fire.

At that moment we heard on the telephone that the rebels were coming in our direction and had just killed a sentry less than five hundred yards from the palace. The sound of firing came steadily nearer and a fight seemed inevitable. The Czarina was horrorstruck at the idea that blood might be shed under her very eyes; she went out with Marie Nicolaïevna and exhorted the men to keep cool. She begged them to parley with the rebels. It was a terrible moment, and our hearts almost stopped beating with suspense. A single mistake and there would have been a hand-to-hand fight followed by bloodshed. However, the officers stepped in and a parley began. The rebels were impressed by the words of their old leaders and the resolute attitude of the troops which remained faithful.

The excitement gradually subsided and a neutral zone was fixed between the two camps.

Thus was the night passed, and in the morning formal orders from the Provisional Government arrived which put an end to the dreadful situation.

In the afternoon Her Majesty sent for the Grand Duke Paul and asked him if he knew where the Czar was. The Grand Duke did not know. When the Czarina questioned him about the situation he replied that in his opinion the grant of a constitution at once could alone avert the peril. The Czarina shared that view, but could do nothing, as she had been unable to communicate with the Czar since the previous evening.

The day of the 15th passed in an oppressive suspense. At 3.30 a.m. next morning Dr. Botkin was called to the telephone by a member of the Provisional Government, who asked him for news of Alexis Nicolaïevitch. (We heard subsequently that a report of his death had been circulating in the city.)

The Czarina's ordeal was continued the next day. It was three days since she had had any news of the Czar and her forced inaction made her anguish all the more poignant. (No one can have any idea of what the Czarina suffered during these days when she was despairing at her son's bedside and had no news of the Czar. She reached the extreme limits of human resistance in this last trial, in which originated that wonderful and radiant serenity which was to sustain her and her family to the day of their death.)

Towards the end of the afternoon the news of the Czar's abdication reached the palace. The Czarina refused to believe it, asserting it was a canard. But soon afterwards the Grand Duke Paul arrived to confirm it. She still refused to believe it, and it was only after hearing all the details he gave her that Her Majesty yielded to the evidence. The Czar had abdicated at Pskoff the previous evening in favour of his brother, the Grand Duke Michael.

The Czarina's despair almost defied imagination, but her great courage did not desert her. I saw her in Alexis Nicolaïevitch's room that same evening. Her face was terrible to see, but, with a strength of will which was almost superhuman, she had forced herself to come to the children's rooms as usual so that the young invalids, who knew nothing of what had happened since the Czar had left for G. H. Q., should suspect nothing.

Late at night we heard that the Grand Duke Michael had renounced the throne, and that the fate of Russia was to be settled by the Constituent Assembly.

Next morning I found the Czarina in Alexis Nicolaïevitch's room. She was calm, but very pale. She looked very much thinner and ever so much older in the last few days.

In the afternoon Her Majesty received a telegram from the Czar in which he tried to calm her fears, and told her that he was at Mohileff pending the imminent arrival of the Dowager Empress.

Three days passed. At half-past ten on the morning of the 21st Her Majesty summoned me and told me that General Korniloff had been sent by the Provisional Government to inform her that the Czar and herself were under arrest and that all those who did not wish to be kept in close confinement must leave the palace before four o'clock. I replied that I had decided to stay with them.

"The Czar is coming back to-morrow. Alexis must be told everything. Will you do it? I am going to tell the girls myself."

It was easy to see how she suffered when she thought of the grief of the Grand-Duchesses on hearing that their father had abdicated. They were ill, and the news might make them worse.

I went to Alexis Nicolaïevitch and told him that the Czar would be returning from Mohileff next morning and would never go back there again.

"Why?"

"Your father does not want to be Commander-in-Chief any more."

He was greatly moved at this, as he was very fond of going to G. H. Q.

After a moment or two I added:

"You know, your father does not want to be Czar any more, Alexis Nicolaïévitch."

He looked at me in astonishment, trying to read in my face what had happened.

"What! Why?"

"He is very tired and has had a lot of trouble lately."

"Oh yes! Mother told me they stopped his train when he wanted to come here. But won't papa be Czar again afterwards?"

I then told him that the Czar had abdicated in favour of the Grand Duke Michael, who had also renounced the throne.

"But who's going to be Czar, then?"

"I don't know. Perhaps nobody now. ..."

There was a silence, and then he said:

"But if there isn't a Czar, who's going to govern Russia?"

I explained that a Provisional Government had been formed and that it would govern the state until the Constituent Assembly met, when his uncle Michael would perhaps mount the throne.

One again I was struck by the modesty of the boy.

At four o'clock the doors of the palace were closed. We were prisoners! The composite regiment had been relieved by a regiment from the garrison of Tsarskoïe-Selo, and the soldiers on sentry duty were there not to protect us, but to keep guard over us.

At eleven o'clock on the morning of the 22nd the Czar arrived, accompanied by Prince Dolgorouky, the Marshal of the Court. He went straight up to the children's room, where the Czarina was waiting for him.

After luncheon he went into the room of Alexis Nicolaïevitch, where I was, and greeted me with his usual unaffected kindness. But I could tell by his pale, worn face that he too had suffered terribly during his absence.

Yet, despite the circumstances, the Czar's return was a day of rejoicing to his family. The Czarina and Marie Nicolaïevna, as well as the other children, when they had been told what had occured, had been a prey to such dreadful doubts and fears on his account! It was a great comfort to be all together in such times of trial. It seemed as if it made their troubles less unbearable, and as if their boundless love for each other was a dynamic force which enabled them to face any degree of suffering.

In spite of the self-control which was habitual with the Czar, he was unable to conceal his immense distress, though his soon recovered in the bosom of his family. He spent most of the day with them, and otherwise read or went for walks with Prince Dolgorouky. At first he had been forbidden to go into the park, and was only allowed the enjoyment of a small garden contiguous to the palace. It was still under snow. A cordon of sentries was posted around it.

Yet the Czar accepted all these restraints with extraordinary serenity and moral grandeur. No word of reproach ever passed his lips. The fact was that his whole being was dominated by one passion, which was more powerful even than the bonds between himself and his family — love of country. We felt he was ready to forgive anything to those who were inflicting such humiliations upon him so long as they were capable of saving Russia.

The Czarina spent almost all her time on a chaise longue in the Grand-Duchesses' room, or else with Alexis Nicolaïevitch. Her anxieties and the emotional strain had exhausted her physically, but since the Czar's return she had found great moral relief, and lived closely with her own thoughts, speaking little and finally yielding to that urgent need for rest which had long assailed her. She was glad she need struggle no longer and that she could wholly devote herself to those she loved so tenderly.

She was now anxious about Marie Nicolaïevna only. The latter had been taken ill much later than her sisters, and her condition was aggravated by a severe attack of pneumonia of a virulent kind. Her constitution was excellent, but she had all she could do to survive. She was also the victim of her own devotion. This girl of seventeen had spent herself without reflection during the revolution. She had been her mother's greatest comfort and stand-by. During the night of March 13th she had been rash enough to go out with her mother to speak to the soldiers, thus exposing herself to the cold, even though she realised that her illness was beginning. Fortunately the other children were better, and already on the road to convalescence. ...

Saturday, January 1, 2022

Excerpt from Alexandra's letter to Sophie Buxhoeveden, dated New Year's Eve 1917

Source:

The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna (1928), by Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden

The letter excerpt:

Thank God, we are still in Russia and all together.


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Sophie Buxhoeveden.

Saturday, December 25, 2021

Alexandra's diary entries for Christmas 1917, her last Christmas...

Source:

George Hawkins at Letters and writings of Nicholas II and his family on Facebook


The diary entries:

December 24 Sunday
Xmas Eve
Arranged presents.

12. Service in the house. Lunched downstairs. Dressed the trees, placed the presents. 4½ tea, then went to the guard 14th rifle regiment Malyshev 20 men. I brought them a small Xmas tree and eatables and a gospel each with a bookmark that I painted — sat there. 7½ dinner downstairs with all, Kolya too. One has forbidden Isa to come to us, or leave her house. 9 Xmas tree for the suite, all our people. 9½ Evening service, a large choir sang. Soldiers came too.

...

December 25 Monday
Xmas Day
Got up at 6¼. 7¼ Went to Church. After mass, moleben before the miraculous icon of the Abalatskaya Mother of God. Painted and rested. 12 lunched downstairs. Saw Isa at the window. Sat for 10 m. on the balkony whilst N cleared the snow away. 4½ tea, Kolya too. The others had their repetition, I looked on then rested. 8 Dined downstairs, Kolya too. N read to us.


Above: Alexandra.

Alexandra's letter to Sophie Buxhoeveden, dated Christmas 1917

Sources:


The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna (1928), by Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden

The letter:

Со Святым Рождеством тебя, дорогая Иза! Нежно целую тебя и желаю всего самого лучшего. Пусть Господь пошлет тебе хорошее здоровье и душевный мир, который является величайшим даром для нас, смертных. Мы должны молить Бога и о терпении, ведь оно так необходимо нам в этом мире страдания (и величайшего безумия), — об утешении, силе и счастье. Возможно, слова «радостное Рождество» звучат сейчас как насмешка, но ведь эта радость относится к рождению нашего Господа, Который умер, чтобы спасти всех нас, — и разве же не способно это восстановить нашу веру в безграничную милость Господа? Он надо всем, и Он во всем: Он проявит Свою милость, когда выпадет срок, а до этого мы должны терпеливо ждать. ...

English translation (from source 2):

A blessed Xmas to you, Iza dearest! And a loving wish and kiss. Above all, I wish God to give you good health, peace of mind, "doushevny mir", which is the greatest gift. We can ask for patience, which we all need in this world of suffering (and utter madness), consolation, strength and happiness. A "joyful Xmas" might sound like mockery, but it means joy over the New-born King, who died to save us all, and does that not renew one's trust and faith in God's infinite mercy? He is so far above all, is All in all: He will show mercy, when the right time comes, and we must patiently and resignedly await His good will. We are helpless to mend matters — can only trust, trust and pray and never lose faith or one's love to Him. Prayed for you, and shall again at mass — too hard you cannot go. I so hoped by a side door to another church. The Emperor and all the children send many a message and good wish. They share my regret. God bless you. Won't you look out of your window and tell Nastinka [Countess Hendrikoff] when? At one, let's say, and then we can peep at the corner window, and perhaps catch a glimpse of you. Just off to church! God bless and protect you. A loving kiss from your affectionate A. A happy Xmas to Miss Mather.


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Sophie Buxhoeveden.

Note: "doushevny mir" (душевный мир) = "peace of soul".

Friday, December 24, 2021

Alexandra's letter to Sophie Buxhoeveden, dated Christmas Eve 1917

Source:

The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna (1928), by Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden

The letter:

Xmas Eve.
Good morning, dear Isa, — I hope you slept well and don't feel too beaten and exhausted to-day. I send you this image with my blessing, from the Saint of Tobolsk — John Maximovich — Metropolitan of Tobolsk. His relics lie in the cathedral on the hill (alas! we have not yet been there). Hang it up, and may he be your Guard and Guide. May you soon get strong, well, and fed up again here. We have service at 12, wonder whether you may come to it, as the guard will just have changed and it would be nice to begin your entry by prayers.
A loving kiss, Darling, fr.
A.


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Sophie Buxhoeveden.

Wednesday, June 9, 2021

Alexandra's letter to Olga, dated February 10, 1917

Source:

Letters and writings of Nicholas II and his family on Facebook


The letter:

Feb 10th 1917
Good morning Darling. Well, before coming down, teleph[one] to Uncle Sandro that: Mama will see you today at 2¼ tho' not feeling at all well & in bed, so as to quicker finish — these perpetual telephones & letters drive me wild. If he asks am I angry, say, yes certainly & I understand her perfectly well & then shut up the teleph[one]; if he says wait some days, say no, let her at least fast properly & not be pestered by you. Am sorry for you poor Childy having to speak, let yr voice be angry. + & kiss you. 
Mama


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Olga.

Monday, May 17, 2021

Two of Alexandra's diary entries, dated July 3, 1917 and July 4, 1917

Source:

Letters and writings of Nicholas II and his family on Facebook


The diary entries:

July 3 Monday
Irina's 22 BD
12-1 Maria — Proverbs of Solomon 27-end

2¼ - 5 in the garden.

5¼ - 6 Alexei Mark XIV 16-17

Last Supper, Washing of the feet, establishment of Holy Communion "love one another" (John XIII 23-35) Do not let your hearts be troubled (John XIV 1-31) I am the true vine (John XV XVI XVII) The Garden of Gethsemane — the prayer of Jesus Christ Matt XXVI Luke XXII 41-44 Matt XXVI 40-49 Luke XXII 48-50 The taking of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ before Caiaphas. Peter denies the Lord.

All four girls have had their hair quite shaved off, as it falls out in masses since their measles.

N read to us as usual.

...

July 4 Tuesday
10-11 Alexei: King Ethelred the unready. The Danes drove away the English princes to Normandy & Hungary and made Canute King. Canute rebuked his courtiers & improved the people — reigned 19 years (sons: Hardicanute, Harold Harefoot — Danes & Saxons made slaves of their poor & prisoners. King Edward the Confessor suffered his courtiers to rule him & the kingdom & promised that the Duke of Normandy shld be King. Some of his wise men made a book of laws. Harold the son of Earl of Godwin was made king. He was killed in the battle of Hastings 1066 & the D of N became King William the Conqueror 1066-1087. King Willm I made oppressive laws, took the land fr the English & gave it to the Norman barons' he caused Doomsday Book to be written — New forest made Curfew bell.

2¼ - 4¾ in the garden.

Al[exei] had his hair also completely shaved off.

N read aloud.


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia and Alexei with their heads shaved.

Friday, May 14, 2021

Two of Alexandra's diary entries from Tobolsk, dated August 18, 1917 and August 19, 1917

Source:

Letters and writings of Nicholas II and his family on Facebook


The diary entries:

Tobolsk
August 18 Friday
Baby slept very well, + got up after luncheon wh. we had together. We went into the garden. 27 in the sun. Domino in the evening.

Pita turned up, walked + sat with Nastinka — then the people fr. the Justice came by Kerensky’s order. The things she brought us were looked through, all Nastinka's things too, the latter not to go walking in the streets for some days, not to see Rita again. Isa's operation (appendix) went off well at the Kaufer[ovsky] Obshchina

...

Tobolsk
August 19 Saturday
Luncheon alone. Spent afternoon in N's room + others in garden. 28 in the sun. Dined with Alexei in N's room. Domino with N., O., and T. 

They sent off Rita by boat again, I believe to Moscou — have not given us the images + goodies + jacket she brought us. The letters we luckily got yesterday morning.


Above: Alexandra with Olga and Tatiana.

Friday, December 25, 2020

Alexandra's Nativity prayer for Charles Sydney Gibbes, year 1917

Source:

https://orthodoxlife.org/prayers-and-services/christmas-prayer-empress-alexandra/

Alexandra wrote this Nativity prayer for her children's English tutor Charles Sydney Gibbes during captivity at Tobolsk at Christmas 1917 — the last Christmas she would ever see.

The prayer:

I pray
That Christ the Xmas King may stoop to bless,
And guide you day by day to holiness,
Your Friend in joy, your Comfort in distress;

I pray
That every cloud may lead you to the light,
And He may raise you up from height to height,
Himself the Day-Star of your darkest night;

I pray
That Christ, before whose Crib you bend the knee,
May fill your longing soul abundantly,
With grace to follow Him more perfectly.

1917
Tobolsk

Alexandra


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Charles Sydney Gibbes.

Saturday, December 5, 2020

Alexandra's letter to M. M. Syroboyarskaya, dated October 17, 1917

Source:

http://docs.historyrussia.org/ru/nodes/31599-pismo-aleksandry-fedorovny-m-m-syroboyarskoy-tobolsk-17-oktyabrya-1917-g

The letter:

Тобольск.
17 октября 1917 г.
Мои мысли Вас много окружают. Столько месяцев ничего о Вас не знала, и Вы мои 7 писем не получили. Только 2. Письмо последний раз в конце июля. Перестала почти писать, только изредка. Боюсь другим повредить. Выдумают опять какую-нибудь глупость.

Никто никому не верит, все следят друг за другом. Во всем видят что-то ужасное и опасное. О, люди, люди! Мелкие тряпки. Без характера, без любви к Родине, к Богу. Оттого Он и страну наказывает.

Но не хочу и не буду верить, что Он ей даст погибнуть. Как родители наказывают своих непослушных детей, так и Он поступает с Россией. Она грешила и грешит перед Ним и не достойна Его любви. Но Он всемогущий — все может. Услышит наконец молитвы страдающих, простит и спасет, когда кажется, что конец уже всего.

Кто свою Родину больше всего любит, тот не должен веру потерять в то, что она спасется от гибели, хотя все идет хуже. Надо непоколебимо верить. Грустно, что рука его не поправилась, что не придется вернуться на старое место — но это лучше. Невыносимо тяжело и не по силам было бы. Будьте бодрой. Оба не падайте духом. Что же делать, придется страдать, и чем больше здесь, тем лучше там. После дождя — солнце, надо только терпеть и верить. Бог милостив, своих не оставит. И Вы увидите еще лучшие дни. Александр Владим. молод — много впереди. Надо перенести смертельную болезнь, потом организм окрепнет и легче живется и светлее. Молюсь всем сердцем, нежно обнимаю.
Сестра А.

English translation (my own):

Tobolsk
17 October 1917.
My thoughts surround You so much. For so many months I knew nothing of you, and you did not receive my 7 letters. Only 2. The last letter is at the end of July. I almost stopped writing, only occasionally. I am afraid of hurting others. Will come up with some nonsense again.

No one trusts anyone, everyone is watching each other. They see something terrible and dangerous in everything. Oh people, people! Little milksops. Without character, without love for the Motherland, for God. That is why He punishes the country too.

But I do not want to and will not believe that He will let her perish. As parents punish their disobedient children, so He does Russia. She has sinned and is sinning before Him and is not worthy of His love. But He is almighty — He can do everything. He will finally hear the prayers of the suffering, forgive and save when it seems that it is already the end of everything.

Whoever loves his Motherland most of all should not lose faith in the fact that it will be saved from death, although everything is getting worse. One must believe unwaveringly. It is sad that his hand did not get better, that he would not have to return to the old place — but it is better. It would be unbearably hard and he would not be able to go on. Be cheerful. Do not both be discouraged. What to do, you have to suffer, and the more here [on Earth], the better there [in Heaven]. After rain comes sun, one must only endure and believe. God is merciful, He will not leave His own. And You will see even better days. Alexander Vladim[ir] is young — there is a lot ahead of him. It is necessary to endure a fatal illness, then the body will get stronger and live easier and brighter. I pray with all my heart, embrace You tenderly.
Sister A.


Above: Alexandra.

Alexandra's letter to M. M. Syroboyarskaya, dated May 29, 1917

Source:

http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/alexandraexile.html

The letter:

29-го мая 17 г. (Царское Село)
Милая моя, сердечное Вам спасибо за длинное письмо от 22-го, которое вчера получили. Все глубоко Меня трогает — Ваша любовь и вера. Спасибо, что Меня не забываете. Ваши письма для Меня большая радость. Как Господь милостив, что дал нам познакомиться, теперь особенно ценна такая дружба. Имею известия от сына, не был здоров, простудился, лежал, но теперь, слава Богу, ему лучше. Бывал у общих знакомых, скоро будет у Вас. Поздравляю Вас с его новым чином, наконец получил, год спустя. Все получаешь в свое время. Но теперь ему надо хорошее здоровье. Я утешала, что мы в переписке, он будет этому рад. Не бойтесь, что он веру потеряет, Бог услышит ваши молитвы и тех других, которых он стал верным другом. Тучи черные, гроза, туман покрывают будущее, это бывает трудно без ропота выносить. Но и это пройдет. Солнце опять заблестит, а там впереди яркое солнце, там все будет нам ясно, там награда за все тяжелые переживания. Земная школа суровая, и впереди экзамен нас ждет, надо к этому каждому готовиться, трудные сложные уроки изучить. Все и везде и во всем борьба, но внутри должна быть тишина и мир, тогда все переносить можно и почувствуешь Его близость. Не надо вспоминать огорчения — их столько, а принять их, как полезное испытание для души, а если начнешь роптать, то теряешь почву под ногами и становишься таким мелким, самолюбивым. Есть самолюбие, которое надо иметь, но есть и другое, которое надо топтать под ногами — это ложное. Что это я Вам все это говорю, Вы лучше меня знаете. Но надо во всем хорошее и полезное искать. Ведь в нашу пользу Он нас укоряет или попускает беды для испытания и укрепления души. Зло великое в нашем мире царствует теперь, но Господь выше этого, надо только терпеливо вынести тяжелое и не позволить худому брать верх в наших душах. Пускай зло помучает, потревожит, но душу ему не отдадим. Верим, глубоко верим, что награда там будет и, может быть, еще здесь... Видеть, знать о страданиях дорогих сердцу людей — вот это мука великая, и ее перенести спокойно ужасно трудно. Передаешь их мысленно в Его милосердные руки и знаешь, что души их не погибнут. Растут они, как цветы открываются, если умеют верить и молиться. Сам Спаситель перед глазами. Они с Ним крест несут... Боже, помоги им, умилосердствуй, спаси, тешь их. Сердце ноет, помочь нельзя... Вы спрашиваете. Не утомляют ли меня уроки. Нет, милая. Хотя голова иногда побаливает, когда подряд три урока Закона Божия, но это ничего, так рада с Детьми заниматься. И это Мне помогает. Потом бывает чтение и диктовка на других языках, но время оттого летит. До 12 лежу, и они около постели занимаются, а потом в классной или у Алексея. Вы хотели знать, как сплю — последнее время опять плохо, но это все равно. Когда жарко, то сердце шалит по-прежнему. Опять лежу в саду, или на кресле Меня катают. Это лучше. Иногда цветы собираю, но сгибаться для сердца нехорошо и больно. Но пока не могу жаловаться.

Нежно Вас целую, родная, перекрещаю. Господь с Вами. Молитвенно и мысленно с Вами.
Сестра.

English translation (my own):

29th May, 1917 (Tsarskoe Selo)
My dear, sincere thanks to You for the long letter of the 22nd, which we received yesterday. Everything deeply touches me — Your love and faith. Thank You for not forgetting me. Your letters are a great joy to me. As the Lord is merciful that He let us meet, now such friendship is especially valuable. I have news of Your son, he was not healthy, caught a cold, was lying down, but now, thank God, he is better. Visited mutual acquaintances, will soon be with You. I congratulate You on his new rank, I finally received it, a year later. You shall receive everything in due time. But now he needs good health. I consoled that we were in correspondence, he would be happy about that. Do not be afraid that he will lose faith, God will hear Your prayers and those of others with whom he has become a faithful friend. Black clouds, thunderstorm, fog cover the future, it can be difficult to endure without a murmur. But this too shall pass. The sun will shine again, and there is a bright sun ahead, everything will be clear to us, there is a reward for all difficult experiences. The earthly school is harsh, and a test awaits us ahead, all must prepare for this, learn difficult, difficult lessons. Everything and everywhere and in everything is a struggle, but there must be quiet and peace inside, then one can endure everything and one will feel His closeness. There is no need to remember grievances — there are so many of them, but to accept them as a useful test for the soul, and if one begins to grumble, one loses the ground under one's feet and becomes so petty, proud. There is pride that one must have, but there is another one that must be trampled underfoot — this is false. That I am telling You all this, You know better than me. But we must look for good and useful things in everything. Indeed, in our favour, He reproaches us or allows troubles to test and strengthen the soul. Great evil reigns in our world now, but the Lord is higher than this, we must only patiently endure the heavy and not allow the bad to prevail in our souls. Let evil torment, disturb, but we will not give up our soul. We believe, deeply believe that the reward will be there [in Heaven], and perhaps even here... To see, to know about the suffering of people dear to our hearts — this is a great torment, and it is terribly difficult to bear it calmly. One transfers them mentally into His merciful hands and one knows that their souls will not perish. They grow like flowers, if they know how to believe and pray. The Saviour Himself is before our eyes. They bear the Cross with Him... God help them, have mercy, save them, comfort them. My heart aches, one cannot help... You ask if the lessons tire me. No, darling. Although my head sometimes aches when there are three lessons of the Law of God in a row, but this is nothing, I am so glad to study with the Children. And it helps me. Then there is reading and dictation in other languages, but that is why time flies. Until 12 I lie, and they study by the bed, and then in the classroom or with Alexei. You wanted to know how I sleep — lately it has been bad again, but it's all the same. When it is hot, the heart is still bad. Again I lie in the garden, or they roll me on an armchair. This is better. Sometimes I pick flowers, but bending for the heart is not good and painful. But I cannot complain yet.

I kiss You tenderly, dear, I [make the] cross [over You]. The Lord is with You. Am with You in prayers and thoughts.
Sister.


Above: Alexandra.

Tuesday, June 9, 2020

A few pages from Alexandra's notebook of spiritual quotes and poems, year 1917

Source:

http://romanovy.rusarchives.ru/nikolay-ii/tetrad-imperatricy-aleksandry-fedorovny-s-zapisyami-stihov-i-pesen





Two of the poems:

Если жизнь тебя обманет,
Не печалься, не сердись!
В день уныния смирись:
День веселья, верь, настанет.
Сердце в будущем живет;
Настоящее уныло:
Все мгновенно, все пройдет;
Что пройдет, то будет мило.

Не говори, что нет спасенья,
Что ты в печалях изнемог:
Чем ночь темней, тем ярче звезды,
Чем глубже скорбь, тем ближе Бог...

English translations (my own):

If life disappoints you
Do not be sad, do not be angry!
On the day of gloom, humble yourself:
Believe, the day of joy will come.
The heart lives in the future;
The sad present:
Everything is momentary, everything will pass;
What will pass will be sweet.

Do not say that there is no salvation,
That are you exhausted in sorrows:
The darker the night, the brighter the stars
The deeper the sorrow, the closer to God...


Above: Alexandra.

News report on a rumour accusing Alexandra of being behind the death of Lord Kitchener in B.T. newspaper, dated November 6, 1917

Source:

Published in B.T. newspaper in Copenhagen, Denmark on November 6, 1917

http://www2.statsbiblioteket.dk/mediestream/avis/record/doms_aviser_page%3Auuid%3A16a4f749-96f3-445c-af8f-55f9cd4ec1c8/query/kejserinde%20Alexandra%20Rusland/page/doms_aviser_page%3Auuid%3Ae70c2054-f6c1-49be-adc0-0b7a254172a1


The report:

Sendte den russiske Eks-Kejserinde Lord Kitchener i Døden?

En sensationel Beskyldning for Forræderi mod den fængslede Czaritza.

Nordhavets Taager hviler stadig som et Slør over det Mysterium, der hedder Lord Kitcheners Død — blandt Skotlands Klipper hviskes der endog sære Sagn om, at den store Hærfører slet ikke er død, men en Dag vil vende tilbage og frelse old Britain.

Men en tysk Matros, der er bleven taget til Fange af Englænderne, har med sit Vidneudsagn kastet et nyt sensationelt Skær over den mærkelige Affære.

Lord Kitchener omkom, som bekendt, paa den Maade, at han blev skudt ned med Krydseren „Hampshire” i Nærheden af Hebriderne paa Vej mod Rusland.

Man gik i England ud fra, at en tysk U-Baad var „Hampshire”'s Banemand, og allerede den Gang anede man, at der var Forræderi med i Spillet, thi kun 5-6 Mennesker kunde forudsættes at kende noget til Lordens verdenshistoriske Rejse.

Nu forklarer den tyske Matros, at ikke een, men fem U-Baade var sendte ud paa Jagt efter „Hampshire”. De havde faaet Ordre til at sænke Krydseren for enhver Pris, og der blev givet Løfter om store Belønninger, hvis Foretagendet lykkedes — men først da Foretagendet var lykkedes og U-Baadene atter var løbne ind i Wilhelmshafen, fik Mandskabet Meddelelse om, hvorfor der var sat saa meget ind paa denne Affære: Kitchener of Khartum havde været ombord.

Men hvorfra havde Tyskerne denne skæbnesvangre Efterretning var det ganske naturlige Spørgsmaal, som Matrosens Forklaring affødte.

En indgaaende Undersøgelse til Opklaring heraf blev iværksat, og foreløbig er man standset ved følgende uhyggelige Teori:

Det var den daværende russiske Kejserinde, der har forraadt Hemmeligheden til Tyskerne. Hun vidste, at Kitchener skulde komme, men hvilket Skib og ad hvilken Rute, Rejsen skulde foretages. Ad neutral Omvej meddelte hun Admiralitetet i Berlin alle disse Oplysninger. Allerede i 1916 var hun Forræder mod de Allieredes Sag!

Dette er ikke den eneste Forræderi-Sigtelse, der er rejst mod den ulykkelige Eks-Czaritza, men vel nok den mest opsigtsvækkende. Men de, der har fremsat den, skylder dog den haardtprøvede Kvinde at fremlægge afgørende Beviser, før de dømmer hende.

English translation (my own):

Did the Russian Ex-Empress Send Lord Kitchener to Death?

A sensational accusation of treason against the imprisoned Tsaritsa.

The fog of the North Sea still rests as a veil over the mystery that is called Lord Kitchener's death — even among the cliffs of Scotland, there are even whispers that the great military man is not dead at all, but will one day return and save old Britain.

But a German sailor, taken prisoner by the English, has, with his testimony, cast a new, sensational cut on the strange affair.

Lord Kitchener, as is known, perished in the way of being shot down with the "Hampshire" cruiser in the vicinity of the Hebrides on his way to Russia.

It was assumed in England that a German U-boat was Hampshire's pioneer, and already at that time it was thought that there was treachery in the game, for only 5 or 6 people could be presumed to know anything about the Lord's world-historic trip.

Now the German sailor explains that not one, but five U-boats were sent in search of Hampshire. They had been ordered to sink the cruiser at all costs and promises of great rewards were given if the enterprise succeeded — but only when the enterprise succeeded and the U-boats again ran into Wilhelmshaven was the crew told why there was put so much effort into this affair: Kitchener of Khartum had been on board.

But from where the Germans had this fateful intelligence was the quite natural question which the sailor's explanation gave rise to.

An in-depth investigation into this has been launched, and for the time being, the following disturbing theory has emerged:

It was the then Empress of Russia who betrayed the secret to the Germans. She knew that Kitchenerwould come, but not which ship and which route to travel would be made. By neutral detour, she communicated all this information to the Admiralty in Berlin. Already in 1916 she was a traitor to the Allies' cause!

This is not the only betrayal charge brought against the unhappy ex-Tsaritsa, but it is probably the most startling. However, those who have made it owe it to the hard-pressed woman to produce decisive evidence before convicting her.

Monday, February 24, 2020

Chicago newspaper highlight on Alexandra's new life in captivity, year 1917

Source:

The Day Book, Noon Edition, published in Chicago, Illinois on March 19, 1917

https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045487/1917-03-19/ed-1/seq-11/


The highlight:

REVOLUTIONISTS GUARD OVER CZARINA

Czarina Alexandra, wife of deposed Czar Nicholas, is held captive by the revolutionists who have taken over control of the Russian government, and is held with the czar under guard. She is daughter of Grand Duke Ludwig IV. of Hesse and was married to the czar in 1894.

Monday, February 17, 2020

Alexandra's boudoir in the Winter Palace, year 1917

Source:

https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/22.%20photos/828986/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zi_R0dzQyNnQ28_J1NXQwc_YMCTIOc_dwNDE30w8EKDHAARwP9KGL041EQhd94L0IWAH1gVOTr7JuuH1WQWJKhm5mXlq8fYWSkp1CQkV-SX6wfYWFkYWlhBnRJFJpZnt7mQLNCTD38_cOcjZxNoArwuKYgNzSiysfDINNRUREAAqoKXQ!!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/?lng=en


(photo courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum)

The Empire Drawing Room, or Waite (Imperial) Drawing Room in Alexandra's apartments in the Winter Palace, year 1917

Source:

https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/22.%20photos/828995/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zi_R0dzQyNnQ28_J1NXQwc_YMCTIOc_dwNDE30w8EKDHAARwP9KGL041EQhd94L0IWAH1gVOTr7JuuH1WQWJKhm5mXlq8fYWSkp1CQkV-SX6wfYWFkYWlpCnRJFJpZnt7mQLNCTD38_cOcjZxNoArwuKYgNzSiysfDINNRUREAclum2w!!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/?lng=en


(photo courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum)

Alexandra's boudoir in the Winter Palace, year 1917

Source:

https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/22.%20photos/828985/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zi_R0dzQyNnQ28_J1NXQwc_YMCTIOc_dwNDE30w8EKDHAARwP9KGL041EQhd94L0IWAH1gVOTr7JuuH1WQWJKhm5mXlq8fYWSkp1CQkV-SX6wfYWFkYWlhCnRJFJpZnt7mQLNCTD38_cOcjZxNoArwuKYgNzSiysfDINNRUREAjI_Z3Q!!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/?lng=en


(photo courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum)

Alexandra's study in the Winter Palace, year 1917

Source:

https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/22.%20photos/828993/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zi_R0dzQyNnQ28_J1NXQwc_YMCTIOc_dwNDE30w8EKDHAARwP9KGL041EQhd94L0IWAH1gVOTr7JuuH1WQWJKhm5mXlq8fYWSkp1CQkV-SX6wfYWFkYWlpDHRJFJpZnt7mQLNCTD38_cOcjZxNoArwuKYgNzSiysfDINNRUREALxZxAQ!!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/?lng=en


(photo courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum)

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Alexandra's handmade prayer cards, 1917/1918

Source:

https://brbl-dl.library.yale.edu/vufind/Record/4424731





Above: Alexandra.

Note: Regarding Alexandra's use of the swastika, this was years before the Nazis corrupted its use and meaning; and Alexandra used it as a good luck charm, it now has a completely and irrevocably opposite meaning.

Alexandra's letter to Lili Dehn, year 1917

Sources:

https://brbl-dl.library.yale.edu/vufind/Record/4424730

The Real Tsaritsa, by Lili Dehn, 1923

https://archive.org/details/realtsaritsa00dehnuoft/page/242/mode/2up



English translation:

29th November, 1917.
TOBOLSK.

MY DEAREST,
I am for such a very, very long time without news of you, and I feel sad. Have you received my post card of the 28th October?

Everybody is well — my heart is not up to much, fit at times, but on the whole it is better.

I live very quietly and seldom go out as it is too difficult to breathe in frozen air.

Lessons as usual. "T" is as always. Zina has been to see her and O.V., who is very sad, she is always praying. Father Makari passed on on the 19th July.

Rumours have it that Gariainoff has married, but we do not know whether it is true. Aunt Baby drew this herself. How is Titi? — Granny — I want to know such, such a lot. How is Count Keller? Have you seen him in Kharkoff? The present events are so awful for words, shameful and almost funny, but God is merciful, darling. Soon we shall be thinking of those days you passed with us. My God, what remembrances!

Matresha has married, they are now all in P., but the brother is at the front.

I read a lot, embroider and draw (I have to do it all with my spectacles, am so old). I think of you often and always pray fervently for you and love you tenderly.

I kiss you very, very much.

May Christ protect you.

Your countryman is at Vladivostok and Nicholas Jakovlevitch is, I think, also in Siberia. I am so lonely without you all. Where is your husband and his friends? We are still expecting Ysa and the others.

I kiss Titi tenderly. Write, I am waiting so. Verveine always reminds me of you.


Above: Alexandra with Lili Dehn and Tatiana in happier times.