Showing posts with label Pierre Gilliard. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pierre Gilliard. Show all posts

Saturday, July 6, 2024

Alexandra's letter to Nicholas, dated October 7, 1915, and Nicholas's letter, dated October 7, 1915

Sources:

Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914-1916, published by Duckworth & Co., 1923

The letter:

No. 136.
Tsarskoje Selo, Oct. 7-th 1915
My very Own,
Sweetest Darling, I try to picture to myself how you sat answering congratulations. I also got from some of Baby's regiments (I collect his regimental ones for him during the war) & I answered that he was at the Headquarters, as I was sure it would rejoice their hearts to know Father and Son together. — Since yesterday evening it gently snows, but scarcely any remains lying — does seem so early already to have real winter beginning.

Lovy Dear, I send you two stamps (money) fr. our Friend, to show you that already one of them is false. People are very discontented — such wee papers flie away, in the darkness they cheat the cabmen & its not a good thing — he entreats you to have it stopped at once. — That rotten Bulgaria, now we shall have them turning against us from the south, or do you think they will only turn against Servia & then Greece — its vile. Did you wire to old King Peter, our Friend wanted it so much.

Oh my love, its 20 m. to 8 & I am absolutely cretinised have heaps to say & don't know how to begin. — 10½-12½ operation, & gips being put on — 12 — 1 Krivoshein, we only spoke about the home manufactures committee how to arrange it, whom to invite etc. Girls came late to lunch, had to choose cloaks for them, received officers — Bark for ½ hour, then to big palace. Then got yr. precious letter for wh. I thank you without end, you sweet One — I loved to get it & have reread it & kissed it & Tiny's too. — Our Friend is rather anxious about Riga, are you too? —

I spoke to Bark about the stamps — he also found the stamps wrong, wants to get the Japanese to make coins for us — & then to have the paper-money, instead of wee stamps, like the Italian lire, wh. is then really paper-money. —

He was very interesting. Then Mme Zizi, then young Lady Sybil de Grey, who has come to arrange the English Hospital & Malcolm (whom I knew before, was at Mossy's Wedding, our Coronation as a fair curly young man in a kilt), both remained 20 minutes each.

Then Khvostov till this minute & my head buzzes from everything.

As remplacant of Dzhunkovsky for the Gendarmes he thought Tatischev (Zizi's son in law) might do, discrete & a real gentleman — only then he ought to wear a uniform — you gave Obolensky one again & Kurlov & Prince Obolensky general governor of Finland — he asked me to tell you this beforehand so as that you should think whether it would suit you. He wishes to ask to be received next week by you & he told me the different questions he will touch.

To-morrow I'll try & write more, when can calmly shape all into words — I am too idiotical this evening. — Our Friend was very contented with yr. decree about Bulgaria, found it well worded. —

I must then end now. Thanks again over & over for yr. sweetest letter, beloved Angel. I can see you & the wee one in the morning & be talking to you whilst you half sleep. Bad Boy wrote today: Papa made smells much and long this morning. Too noughty!

Oh my Angels how I love you — but you will miss him shockingly later.

Just got your telegram. What news Deary, I long to have some, it seems very difficult again, does it not?

Goodbye my Sun, I cover you with fond kisses. Bless you my Love.
Ever yr. very own old
Sunny.

Nicholas's letter:

Mogilev. 7 October, 1915
MY DEAR, PRECIOUS WIFY,
My warmest thanks for your dear letter. You have suddenly numbered your last two letters No. 465 and 466 running ahead by a whole hundred — the last before these was No. 364. Agoosenki! Please thank all the girls [for] their letters.

There is no sun to-day for the first time — it has been grey and dreary; my report was finished earlier than usual and I went into the little garden where Alexey was marching about, singing loudly, and Derevenko, was walking on another path, whistling. I had not been there since the day of our arrival. His left hand hurts him a little, because yesterday he worked in the sand on the river bank, but he pays no attention to it and is very cheerful. After lunch he always rests for about half an hour, and Mr. Gilliard reads to him, while I write. At the table, he sits on my left: George is usually his neighbour. Alexey loves to tease him. It is extraordinary how he has lost his shyness! He always follows me when I greet my gentlemen, and stands still during our zakouska.

You must save up your strength now, to be able to stand the fatiguing journey here! Please.

The news which comes from all our fronts is good — with the exception of the vicinity of Riga, where our troops have abandoned their advanced positions too quickly. Three Generals will pay for this — I gave Rouzsky orders to dismiss them and to replace them by better ones; they are my first victims, but deservedly so.

The little Admiral had not answered my letter then, but now he asks for leave to go to Kislovodsk for a short cure.

Well, my little bird, it is time to finish, as the train is leaving earlier than usual. God bless you and the girls!

With warm good wishes and most ardent love always, my precious darling,
Your loving old
NICKY.


Above: Nicholas and Alexandra with Alexei. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Alexei with Pierre Gilliard.


Above: Grigori Rasputin.

Notes: Alexandra almost always referred to Grigori Rasputin as "our Friend".

Servia = the old name for Serbia.

Alexandra's letter to Nicholas, dated October 6, 1915, and Nicholas's telegram and letter, dated October 6, 1915

Sources:

Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914-1916, published by Duckworth & Co., 1923
The letter:

No. 135.
Tsarskoje Selo, Oct. 6-th 1915
My own beloved Treasure,
A cold foggy morning. Have read through the papers, thank God, the news continues being good. I was glad to see, that one already speaks of changing the stamp money, thats good. — P-ss Gedroitz is happily better, the temperature less high. —

We have just returned from town. The school is really charming — 4 stories high so I was carried up, the lift not being ready; a part of the necessary things are at Archangelsk. — Really the girls have made wonderful progress.

I went through all their work-rooms weaving, carpets, embroidery, paintings, where they prepare the dyes and dye the silk threads and stuffs they make out of blackberry. — Our priest officiated the Te Deum. Bark, Khvostov, Volzhin and Krivoshein etc. were there, the later offered us 24,000 Rubles for keeping up the school one year. — Then we took tea at Elagin, — she looks well and thinks of going for a tiny visit to Kiev to see Olga whilst Xenia is away, wh. I find an excellent idea. — In the morning, I had much to do in the hospital. — Sweety, why did Dzhunkovsky receive the "Preobrasentsi" and "Semenovtsi" — too much honour after his vile behaviour — it spoils the effect of the punishment — he ought to have got army regiments. He has been continuing horrors against our Friend now amongst the nobility — the tail brings me the proofs to-morrow — ah no, thats far too kind already to have given him such a splendid nomination — can imagine the filth he will spread in those two regiments and all will believe him. — I am sending you a very fat letter from the Cow, the lovesick creature could not wait any longer, she must pour out her love otherwise she bursts. My back aches and I feel very tired and long for my own sweet One. One keeps up alright, but there are moments when it is very difficult. — When sanitary trains pass do you sometimes have a look to them? Have you gone over the house, where all the small people of your staff work, take Baby with you and that will be a thanks to them for their hard work and serve as an encouragement; have the different officers of yr. staff been invited to lunch on Sundays? — Has the English Admiral arrived yet? — There is so much to do, people to see etc. that I feel mighty tired and fill myself with medicins. How is your health my Beloved? — Are no troops for you to see near Orsha? or Vitebsk? An afternoon you might give up to that? — You think me a bore but I long for you to see more troops and I am sure young soldiers pass by on their way to fill up regiments — they might march pass you at the station and they will be happy. You know our people often have the false idea of not telling you, as it might prevent your habitual drive as tho' one could not often combine all quite well. — What does Paul do of an evening? And what have you settled about Dmitri? — Oh Deary, how I long for you yearn after you both its horrible how I miss you. But I am sure, all seems different now the little man is with you. Go and have the regiment drill before you and let Baby see it too it will be a nice remembrance for you both my sunshine and sunbeam. The letter must leave. — Good bye my very own Huzy heart of my heart, soul of my life — I clasp you tight in my arms and kiss you with ever such great tenderness, gentleness and devotion. God bless and protect you and keep you from all harm. A thousand kisses fr. yr. own old
Wify.

Nicholas's telegram:

Telegram. Stavka. 6 October, 1915.
My heartfelt thanks to you for your dear letter and to our Friend for his greetings. In thought I am always with you. We have both been very busy, replying to telegrams and thanking for congratulations. The weather is good, somewhat calmer. The new is good. Both kiss you fondly.
NICKY.

Nicholas's letter:

Mogilev. 6 October, 1915.
MY PRECIOUS LITTLE BIRD,
My warmest thanks for your loving letter; I am in despair at not having written once since we left, but really I am occupied here every minute from 2.30 to 6. And the Little One's presence takes up part of my time too, for which, of course I am not sorry. His company gives light and life to all of us, including the foreigners.

It is very cosy sleeping side by side. I say prayers with him every night since the time when we were on the train; he says his prayers too fast, and it is difficult to stop him. He was tremendously pleased with the review; he followed me, and stood the whole time while the troops were marching past, which was splendid. I shall never forget this review. The weather was excellent and the general impression astounding.

Life here goes on as usual. Alexey lunched in his room with Mr. Gilliard only on the first day, and after that he begged hard to be allowed to lunch with all of us. He sits on my left hand and behaves well, but sometimes he becomes inordinately gay and noisy, especially when I am talking with the others in the drawing-room. In any case, it is pleasant for them, and makes them smile.
Before the evening, we go out in a car (in the morning he plays in the garden), either into the wood or on the bank of the river, where we light a fire and I walk about near by.

I am surprised at the amount he is able, and wishes, to walk, without complaining of being tired! He sleeps well, as I do too, in spite of the bright light of his lampadka. He wakes up early in the mornings, between 7-8, sits up in bed and begins to talk quietly to me. I answer him drowsily, he settles down and lies quiet — until I am called.

Paul is very charming and modest; we have had some delightful talks. He knows about his wife's letter and is displeased with it.
God bless you, my Sunny, my beloved Wify! I kiss you and the girls tenderly. A. as well.
Always yours
NICKY.


Above: Nicholas and Alexandra with Alexei. Photo courtesy of lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Alexei with Pierre Gilliard.


Above: Grigori Rasputin.

Notes: Alexandra almost always referred to Grigori Rasputin as "our Friend".

lampadka (лампадка) = ikon lamp.

Thursday, July 4, 2024

Alexandra's letter to Nicholas, dated October 2, 1915, and Nicholas's telegram, dated October 2, 1915

Sources:

Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914-1916, published by Duckworth & Co., 1923

The letter:

No. 131.
Tsarskoje Selo, Oct. 2-th 1915
My own beloved Sweetheart,
Goodmorning my precious ones, how did you sleep, I wonder! I did not very well its always so when you are away, Lovy mine. So strange to read in the papers, that you & Baby have left for the front. I am sure you felt cosy sitting & playing with Baby, not this perpetual loneliness; for N. P. I am too glad, as he feels lonely there often, none are such particular friends, tho' he likes most of them & they get on splendidly but he misses us all — & now Alexei being there, it will warm him up & he will feel you nearer to him too. Mr. Gilliard will enjoy all & he can speak with the French. — You did have such hard work here, that I am glad it is over now, more or less, & you see the troops to-day!
Oh, how pleased I am, the heart of a soldier's daughter & soldier's wife rejoices for you — & I wish I were with you to see the faces of those brave fellows when they see for whom & with whom they go out to fight. I hope you can take Alexei with you. — The impression will remain for his w[h]ole life & theirs.

Oh how I miss you both! The hour for his prayer, I must say I broke down, so hurried off into my room & said all his prayers in case he should forget to say them. — Please, ask him whether he remembers them daily. — What will it be to you when I fetch him! You must go off too somewhere, not to remain alone. — It seems to me as tho' you were already gone ages ago, such yearning after you — I miss you, my own Angel, more than I can say. — I went to A. this morning & took her to Znamenia & the big Palaces fr. whence she left for town, & I went to the poor boy — he had recognised nobody & not been able to speak, but me he did at once & even spoke a little. From there I went to our hospital. Two new officers have come. The one poor fellow has the ball or splinter in his eye — the other deep in his lungs & a fragment probably in the stomach — he has such a strong internal hemorrhage wh. has completely pushed his heart to the right side so that one clearly sees it beat, hear his right niple. Its a very serious case, & probably he must be operated to-morrow — his pulse is 140 & he is awfully weak, the eyeballs so yellow, the stomach blown up — it will be an anguishing operation. — After luncheon we received 4 new Alexandrovtsi just promoted going off to the war — 2 Elisavetgradtsi & 4 Vosnesentsi? — 4 wounded & Arseniev's son. Then we drove, eat a pear & apple — & went to the cemetry to have a look at our wee temporary Church for our dead heroes. From there to the big Palace to a Te Deum before the Image of the Virgin, wh. I had told them to bring fr. Znamenia it passed through all the wards — it was nice. —

After tea I saw Russin & gave him letters for Victoria & Toria — then Ressin about our journey — only what date to settle, because of Bekker, wh. spoils everything. — Got your telegram at 5½ & we all enjoyed it, thank God you saw the troops, but you do not mention whether — Tiny accompanied you. — Wont you let the soldiers, wh. stand now at Moghilev, show you some exercises & then they can see Baby. His having gone to the army will also bring its blessing our Friend told Ania; even agoo wee one helps. He is furious with the way people go on in Moscou. — There, the Pss. of the Palace has already sent her first perfumed letter so I forward it to you. Personally I think she ought not to ask for him — what wld. it look like, both Paul's sons living lazily, comfortably at the Headquarters, whilst their comrades shed their blood as heroes.

I shall send you the boy's pretty verses to-morrow. If I were you, I should tell Paul about this letter, even show it to him, & explain that its too early to call him back — its bad enough one son not being out at the front & it would harm the boy in the regiment, I assure you; — after a bit of service he can be perhaps given a place as courier of one of the Generals, but not yet, I find. I understand her Mother's heart bleeding — but she must not spoil the boy's career — dont speak to Dmitri about it. — I must now write to Miechen & Aunt Olga, so to speak to invite them to the consecration of our microscopic Church — officially I cant, as the Church is too small, but if I don't, Miechen is sure to be offended. The Pavlovsk family (ladies) I must then too, as their soldiers are buried on our ground. —
Goodbye my Love, sweetest One, Beloved — I bless & kiss you without end.
Ever yr. very own old
Wify.

Khvostov has asked to see me after the 5-th. —

Nicholas's telegram:

Telegram. Rejitza. 2 October, 1915.
Thanks for news. I had the great joy to-day of seeing the wonderful 21st Corps. The weather is splendid, sunny. In thought I am with you and the children. We are now on our way to Mogilev. Alexey and I kiss you all fondly.
NICKY.


Above: Nicholas and Alexandra with Alexei. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.

Note: Madame Becker was a euphemism that Alexandra and her daughters used to refer to their menstrual periods.

Alexandra almost always referred to Grigori Rasputin as "our Friend".

Monday, October 30, 2023

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 4, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
Hier matin après une promenade de trois quarts d'heure au jardin, Alexis Nicolaévitch a accompagné Sa Majesté au Te Deum. Il a déjeuné avec tout le monde et a tourmenté le Grand Duc Georges Michaïlovitch qui était Son voisin.

L'après-midi nous sommes allés dans une forêt de pins où nous avons joué à la petite guerre avec le professeur Féodoroff et le capitaine Sabline pendant que Sa Majesté faisait Sa promenade.

Au retour Alexis Nicolaévitch a lu à haute voix en russe. Sa nuit a été bonne et ce matin Il S'est levé de bonne heure pour pouvoir commencer Ses leçons à 9 heures et demie. Il a eu de la peine à Se remettre au travail, mais au bout d'une demi-heure d'effort pénible, le travail est devenu bon et est resté tel jusqu'à la fin.

Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand quartier général
Ce 4 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

Madame,
Yesterday morning after a walk of three quarters of an hour in the garden, Alexei Nikolaevich accompanied His Majesty to the Te Deum. He had lunch with everyone and tormented the Grand Duke George Mikhailovich, who was His neighbour.

In the afternoon we went to a pine forest where we played at small war with Professor Feodorov and Captain Sablin while His Majesty took His walk.

On the way back, Alexei Nikolaevich read aloud in Russian. His night was good and this morning He got up early to be able to start His lessons at 9:30. He found it difficult to get back to work, but after half an hour of painful effort, the work became good and remained so until the end.

I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand General Headquarters
This November 4, 1915


Above: Alexei with Nicholas, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich and his entourage at dinner on the train, October 1915.


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 5, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
La journée d'hier s'est bien passée et il n'y a rien d'important à signaler.

Comme toujours après les leçons du matin, Alexis Nicolaévitch a passé une heure en plein air. Puis il a déjeuné avec tout le monde et S'est promené avec Sa Majesté dans le jardin jusqu'à 4 heures. Il est alors parti pour le théâtre et a assisté à une représentation cinématographique qui Lui a beaucoup plu.

Le soir après dîner Il a lu à haute voix en russe. Cette nuit Il a bien dormi et S'est levé ce matin de façon à être prêt à 9 heures et demie à cause de Ses leçons.

Alexis Nicolaévitch est un peu pâle depuis que nous sommes ici, c'est vrai que le temps est très mauvais et que tout le monde s'en ressent; Il a un peu saigné du nez ces derniers jours, mais très légèrement.

Au moment où j'écris à Votre Majesté Il joue au jardin.
Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
[5 Novembre 1915]

English translation (my own):

Madame,
Yesterday went well and there is nothing important to report.

As always after the morning lessons, Alexei Nikolaevich spent an hour in the open air. Then he had lunch with everyone and walked with His Majesty in the garden until 4 o'clock. He then left for the theater and attended a cinematographic representation which pleased Him very much.

In the evening after dinner He read aloud in Russian. He slept well last night and got up this morning so as to be ready at 9:30 a.m. for His lessons.

Alexei Nikolaevich has been a bit pale since we have been here, it is true that the weather is very bad and everyone feels it; He has had a bit of a nosebleed the past few days, but very lightly.

As I write to Your Majesty He is playing in the garden.
I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
[November 5, 1915]


Above: Alexei with the foreign generals.


Above: Nicholas and Alexei.


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

Friday, September 22, 2023

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 7, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
Jeudi après déjeuner Alexis Nicolaévitch a assisté avec Sa Majesté à des expériences très intéressantes faites par un ingénieur avec des liquides inflammables. Au retour Il a lu à haute voix en russe.

A 9 heures du soir Il est parti pour la gare avec Sa Majesté.

Il s'est reveillé le lendemain matin à 11 heures après avoir donc dormi 12 heures! ce qui lui a fait le plus grand bien.

Toute la journée du 6 s'est passée dans le train. Il a travaillé pendant 2 heures: arithmétique, russe et français. Il s'est couché de bonne heure et s'est réveillé frais et dispos. Ce matin après un Te Deum à la cathédrale, Alexis Nicolaévitch a accompagné Sa Majesté au port. Nous avons visité le croiseur turc Gamidich et un des nombreux vaisseaux-transports qui sont préparés pour les troupes.

Le courrier partant à l'instant je suis obligé de terminer brusquement ma lettre.
Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Odessa 7 Nov. 1915.

English translation (my own):

Madame,
On Thursday after lunch, Alexei Nikolaevich attended with His Majesty some very interesting experiments made by an engineer with inflammable liquids. On the way back He read aloud in Russian.

At 9 o'clock in the evening He left for the station with His Majesty.

He woke up the next morning at 11 a.m. after having slept for 12 hours! which did him the most good.

The whole day of the 6th was spent in the train. He worked for 2 hours: arithmetic, Russian and French. He went to bed early and woke up refreshed. This morning, after a Te Deum at the cathedral, Alexei Nikolaevich accompanied His Majesty to the port. We visited the Turkish cruiser Gamidich and one of the many transport vessels which are prepared for the troops.

The courrier leaving at the moment I am obliged to end my letter abruptly.
I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
Odessa, Nov. 7, 1915.


Above: Nicholas and Alexei reviewing the troops in Odessa.


Above: Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Pierre Gilliard resting with Alexei, two of his friends, and Peter Vasilievich Petrov.

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 8, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
C'est par suite d'une confusion d'heures que ma lettre à Votre Majesté a été interrompue hier et je profite d'un arrêt du train pour la reprendre aujourd'hui.

Samedi matin Alexis Nicolaévitch S'est levé de bonne heure. Il a pris le thé avec tout le monde, puis Il a fait des exercices et un problème d'arithmétique.

Nous sommes arrivés à 11 heures à Odessa par une belle journée d'automne froide mais ensoleillée. Alexis Nicolaévitch S'est rendu avec Sa Majesté à la Cathédrale où a eu lieu un Te Deum. Dans les rues la foule était contenue avec peine par les soldats et l'enthousiasme était considérable.

De l'Eglise les automobiles ont pris directement le chemin du port militaire dans lequel se trouvaient quelques navires de guerre et une quantité de transports (russes, anglais, français et italiens). Alexis Nicolaévitch a visité avec Sa Majesté l'ancien croiseur turc «Hamidic», un navire hôpital, un transport et un navire école pour enfants qui a extrêmement intéressé Alexis Nicolaévitch. Le déjeuner a eu lieu dans le train. Alexis Nicolaévitch a mangé à part pour ménager Ses forces.

A 2 heures et demie Il est reparti avec Sa Majesté qui allait passer en revue une division dans les environs de la ville.

Sa Majesté a passé devant le front à cheval, Alexis Nicolaévitch suivait en automobile avec le comte Frédériks. Puis a eu lieu le défilé: le régiment de tête était formé par l'équipage de la garde, d'où grande joie d'Alexis Nicolaévitch en reconnaissant officiers et soldats. Venaient ensuite 3 régiments de ligne, de l'artillerie lourde et des cosaques.

Toute la cérémonie a duré près de 2 heures.

Rentré au train, Alexis Nicolaévitch a lu à haute voix en russe.

Il S'est couché de bonne heure, enchanté de Sa journée.

Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Ce 8 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

Madame,
My letter to Your Majesty was interrupted yesterday as a result of a confusion of hours, and I am taking advantage of a stop in the train to resume it today.

On Saturday morning Alexei Nikolaevich got up early. He had tea with everyone, then He did exercises and an arithmetic problem.

We arrived at 11 am in Odessa on a beautiful cold but sunny autumn day. Alexei Nikolaevich went with His Majesty to the Cathedral where a Te Deum was held. In the streets the crowd was barely contained by the soldiers, and the enthusiasm was considerable.

From the Church the automobiles took the direct path to the military port in which there were a few warships and a quantity of transports (Russian, English, French and Italian). Alexei Nikolaevich visited with His Majesty the former Turkish cruiser "Hamidik", a hospital ship, a transport and a school ship for children, which greatly interested Alexei Nikolaevich. Lunch took place on the train. Alexei Nikolaevich ate separately to spare His strength.

At half past two he left with His Majesty, who was going to review a division in the vicinity of the town.

His Majesty passed in front of the front on horseback, Alexei Nikolaevich followed in an automobile with Count Frederiks. Then took place the procession: the leading regiment was formed by the crew of the guard, from which great joy of Alexei Nikolaevich in recognising officers and soldiers. Then came 3 line regiments, heavy artillery and Cossacks.

The whole ceremony lasted almost 2 hours.

Back on the train, Alexei Nikolaevich read aloud in Russian.

He went to bed early, delighted with His day.

I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
This November 8, 1915


Above: Alexei.


Above: Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 10, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
Que Votre Majesté veuille bien excuser cette lettre écrite dans le train en marche dont les secousses rendent mon écriture très peu lisible.

Dimanche à 9 heures du matin Alexis Nicolaévitch a accompagné Sa Majesté qui passe en revue le 2e corps d'armée à Jémérérievka. L'Empereur est à cheval et Alexis Nicolaévitch seul en automobile avec le Ministre de la Cour.

Il assiste au déjeuner auquel sont invités le général Cherbatchef et les officiers supérieurs du 2e corps d'armée.

Nous arrivons à 1 heure 30 à Tiraspol où Sa Majesté à pied avec Alexis Nicolaévitch passe en revue la 2e division du 16e corps d'armée dont nous avons vu la veille à Odessa la 1ere division. Comme il fait froid, on marche avec grand plaisir. Rentré au train Alexis Nicolaévitch s'occupe une heure avec moi. Il s'endort vers 9 heures et quart un peu fatigué par le grand air. Il dort admirablement et le lendemain Lundi à 9 heures du matin nous arrivons à Reni sur le Danube, à la frontière de la Roumanie. Sa Majesté assiste avec Alexis Nicolaévitch à un Te Deum à la Cathédrale. On part ensuite en automobile et au bout de quelques verstes Sa Majesté à pied avec Alexis Nicolaévitch passe en revue la 3e brigade des tirailleurs du Turkestan. De la place élevée où nous sommes on a une vue étendue sur le Danube et la Roumanie jusqu'à Galatz.

Nous revenons au bord du fleuve pour visiter la base de l'expédition spéciale du capitaine Vessiolkine, qui depuis plusieurs mois ravitaille la Serbie et munitions et vivres. Après la visite nous montons sur un des bateaux à bord duquel on nous sert un repas froid. Sa Majesté visite ensuite avec Alexis Nicolaévitch des batteries et des positions fortifiées puis on rentre au train. Cette visite et revue ont duré 5 heures, mais c'était une journée extrêmement intéressante et instructive pour Alexis Nicolaévitch.

Je prie Votre Majesté de me croire Son très respectueux et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Ce Mardi 10 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

Madame,
May Your Majesty please excuse this letter written in the moving train, the jolts of which make my handwriting very difficult to read.

On Sunday at 9 o'clock in the morning Alexei Nikolaevich accompanied His Majesty, who reviewed the 2nd army corps at Jemereryevka. The Emperor was on horseback and Alexei Nikolaevich alone in an automobile with the Minister of the Court.

He attended the luncheon to which General Sherbachev and the senior officers of the 2nd army corps were invited.

We arrived at 1:30 am in Tiraspol where His Majesty on foot with Alexei Nikolaevich reviewed the 2nd division of the 16th army corps, the 1st division of which we saw the day before in Odessa. As it was cold, we walked with great pleasure. Back on the train, Alexei Nikolaevich spent an hour with me. He fell asleep around a quarter past nine, a little tired from the open air. He slept admirably, and the next day Monday at 9 o'clock in the morning we arrived at Reni on the Danube, on the border with Romania. His Majesty attended with Alexei Nikolaevich a Te Deum at the Cathedral. We then left by car, and after a few versts His Majesty on foot with Alexei Nikolaevich reviewed the 3rd Brigade of Turkestan Tirailleurs. From the high place where we are we have a wide view over the Danube and Romania as far as Galatz.

We returned to the banks of the river to visit the base of Captain Vessyolkin's special expedition, which for several months has been supplying Serbia with ammunition and food. After the visit we got on one of the boats, on board which we were served a cold meal. His Majesty then visited batteries and fortified positions with Alexei Nikolaevich, then we returned to the train. This visit and review lasted 5 hours, but it was an extremely interesting and instructive day for Alexei Nikolaevich.

I beg Your Majesty to believe me Your very respectful and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
This Tuesday, November 10, 1915


Above: Nicholas and Alexei at Reni.


Above: Alexandra.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

Tuesday, August 1, 2023

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 13, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
Mardi matin à 11 heures a eu lieu la revue de la fameuse division de cavalerie du Caucase qui a beaucoup intéressé Alexis Nicolaévitch. Le spectacle de ces 4 régiments montant et descendant au galop les pentes des collines et accompagnant Sa Majesté presque jusqu'à la gare était vraiment extraordinaire et inoubliable.

Mercredi matin revue et visite de la ville de Cherson, l'après-midi Nicolaïef.

Alexis Nicolaévitch était fatigué en rentrant, le temps était malheureusement mauvais: de la pluie et du brouillard.

Jeudi toute la journée s'est passée dans le train et l'on s'est reposé en jouant naturellement au «Nain jaune». Nous avons aussi travaillé pendant 1 heure, mais sans grand résultat.

Le soir Alexis Nicolaévitch a eu de la peine à s'endormir et n'a pu le faire qu'à minuit.

Ce matin Il s'est plaint de mal de tête, mais au bout d'une heure de promenade dans le jardin tout avait disparu.

Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand Quartier général
Ce Vendredi 13 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

Madame,
On Tuesday morning at 11 o'clock the review of the famous cavalry division of the Caucasus took place, which greatly interested Alexei Nikolaevich. The spectacle of these 4 regiments galloping up and down the slopes of the hills and accompanying His Majesty almost to the station was truly extraordinary and unforgettable.

On Wednesday morning there was a review and visit to the towns of Kherson, Nikolayev in the afternoon.

Alexei Nikolaevich was tired on returning, the weather was unfortunately bad: rain and fog.

On Thursday the whole day was spent in the train and we rested, naturally playing "Naine jaune". We also worked for 1 hour, but without much result.

In the evening Alexei Nikolaevich had difficulty falling asleep and was unable to do so until midnight.

This morning He complained of a headache, but after an hour of walking in the garden everything was gone.

I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand General Headquarters
This Friday, November 13, 1915


Above: Nicholas and Alexei at Kherson.


Above: Alexandra. Photo courtesy of Ilya Grigoryev at lastromanovs on VK.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

Wednesday, July 19, 2023

Alexei's letter to Alexandra, dated November 14, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Ставка, 14 Ноября 1915 г.
Абажаемая моя.
Теперь я не чего не делаю, толькочто погулял и теперь пишу Тебе. Утром был в Церкви и после гулял. Бельгиец вернулся. Очень рад видеть Бельгийца (Grassouillet) и Японца (Rondelet). Всем передал Твои поклоны. Жилик срывает себе волосы от горя что не может поздравить Тебя, он забыл это делать вчера. Целую Вас и давлю. Да хранит Вас Господь Бог.
Любящий Вас Ваш преданый и почетаемый
Алексей Романов.
Боже Царя храни и Царицу и Их императорских Высочеств и Его Императорского Высочества.
Ура

English translation (my own):

Stavka, November 14, 1915
My Abazhaemaya.
Now I am not doing anything, I just took a walk and now I am writing to You. In the morning I was in the Church and then walked. The Belgian is back. Very glad to see the Belgian (Grassouillet) and the Japanese (Rondelet). I have conveyed your regards to everyone. Zhilik is tearing his hair out of grief that he cannot congratulate You, he forgot to do it yesterday. I kiss You and squeeze You. The Lord God keep You.
Your loving devoted and honored
Alexei Romanov.
God save the Tsar and the Tsaritsa and Their Imperial Highnesses and His Imperial Highness.
Hurrah


Above: Alexei with Pierre Gilliard, his French tutor.


Above: Alexandra.

Note: Zhilik was a nickname Alexei and his sisters used for Pierre Gilliard, their French tutor.

Pierre Gilliard's letter to Alexandra, dated November 14, 1915

Source:

Kler Chernikina at lastromanovs on VK


The letter:

Madame,
La journée d'hier s'est bien passée. Au bout d'une heure et demie de grand air le malaise qu'éprouvait Alexis Nicolaévitch en se réveillant avait complètement disparu.

Il a préféré cependant déjeuner à part puis Il S'est promené au jardin avec Sa Majesté.

Nous avons lu le soir en russe et en français.

La nuit a été heureusement très bonne et ce matin Il a accompagné Sa majesté à la Messe à 10 heures et quart, puis Il S'est promené avec tout le monde à la grande joie des généraux belges et japonais.

Alexis Nicolaévitch a un peu maigri pendant ce dernier voyage qui était fatigant, mais Il mange maintenant chaque jour une grande assiette de gruau pour rattraper ce qu'Il a perdu.

Je prie Votre Majesté de recevoir tous mes humbles remerciements pour le message qu'Alexis Nicolaévitch m'a transmis de Votre part. Je suis avec profond respect, Madame, de Votre majesté le très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand Quartier général
Ce 14 novembre 1915

English translation (my own):

Madame,
Yesterday went well. After an hour and a half in the open air, the malaise Alexei Nikolaevich felt on waking up had completely disappeared.

However, he preferred to have lunch apart and then He walked in the garden with His Majesty.

We read in the evening in Russian and in French.

The night was fortunately very good and this morning He accompanied His Majesty to Mass at a quarter past 10, then He walked with everyone, to the great joy of the Belgian and Japanese generals.

Alexei Nikolaevich lost a little weight during this last tiring journey, but He now eats a large plate of gruel every day to make up for what He has lost.

I beg Your Majesty to receive all my humble thanks for the message that Alexei Nikolaevich transmitted to me from You. I am with deep respect, Madame, Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient servant.
Pierre Gilliard
Grand General Headquarters
This November 14, 1915


Above: Alexei playing with his spaniel Joy.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.


Above: Alexandra.

Saturday, May 20, 2023

Pierre Gilliard on Alexandra taking care of affairs and her sick children during the Russian Revolution, the news of Nicholas's abdication, and the beginning of the family's captivity, February and March 1917 (New Style)

Sources:

Treize années à la cour de Russie: Le tragique destin de Nicolas II et de sa famille, pages 174 to 183, by Pierre Gilliard, 1921


Thirteen Years at the Russian Court, pages 209 to 217, by Pierre Gilliard, translated by F. Appelby Holt, 1921



Above: Nicholas and Alexandra, signed "Papa" and "Mama" as a gift for their children.


Above: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia and Alexei with their heads shaved bald while recovering from measles.


Above: Pierre Gilliard.

The account:

... Ce n'est qu'après de longues hésitations que l'empereur déjà inquiet s'était décidé, le 8 mars 1917, à quitter Tsarskoïé-Sélo pour se rendre au G. Q. G.

Son départ affecta tout particulièrement l'impératrice, car aux appréhensions que faisait naître la situation politique venaient s'ajouter les craintes que lui inspirait Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Le tsarévitch, en effet, était alité depuis plusieurs jours, ayant la rougeole, et diverses complications étaient venues aggraver son état. Pour comble de malheur, trois des grandes-duchesses étaient tombées malades à leur tour, et Marie Nicolaïévna était seule à pouvoir seconder sa mère.

Le 10 mars, nous apprenions que des troubles avaient éclaté à Pétrograd et que des collisions sanglantes s'étaient produites entre la police et les manifestants.

C'est que, depuis plusieurs jours, la rareté des vivres avait suscité un violent mécontentement dans les quartiers populaires. Des cortèges s'étaient formés et la foule avait parcouru les rues de la ville en réclamant du pain.

Je compris que Sa Majesté était très préoccupée, car, faisant exception à sa règle habituelle, elle me parla des événements politiques et me dit que Protopopof accusait les socialistes de chercher, par une propagande active auprès des cheminots, à empêcher le ravitaillement de la ville afin d'exciter le peuple à la révolution.

Le 11, la situation devenait subitement très critique et les nouvelles les plus alarmantes nous parvenaient coup sur coup. L'émeute gagnait le centre de la ville et la troupe qu'on avait fait intervenir depuis la veille résistait faiblement.

J'appris également qu'un ukase de l'empereur était venu ordonner la suspension de la Douma, mais que, vu la gravité des événements, l'assemblée avait passé outre à l'ordre de prorogation et décidé de procéder à la formation d'un Comité exécutif chargé de rétablir l'ordre.

Les combats reprenaient avec plus d'acharnement encore le lendemain, et les insurgés parvenaient à s'emparer de l'arsenal. Vers le soir on me téléphonait de Pétrograd que les éléments de réserve de plusieurs régiments de la garde: les régiments Paul, Préobrajensky, etc., avaient fait cause commune avec eux. Cette nouvelle frappa de stupeur l'impératrice. Depuis la veille, elle était extrêmement inquiète et se rendait compte de l'imminence du péril.

Pendant ces deux journées, elle avait passé tour à tour des chambres des grandes-duchesses à celle d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch, dont l'état de santé avait encore empiré, s'efforçant de cacher aux malades l'angoisse qui la torturait.

Le 13, à 9 h. ½ du matin, comme j'entre chez le tsarévitch, l'impératrice me fait signe de la suivre dans la salle à côté. Elle m'annonce que la capitale est, de fait, entre les mains des révolutionnaires et que la Douma vient de constituer un gouvernement provisoire à la tête duquel se trouve Rodzianko.

— La Douma s'est montrée à la hauteur des circonstances, me dit-elle. Elle a compris enfin, je crois, le danger qui menace le pays, mais je crains que ce ne soit trop tard: il s'est formé un comité socialiste-révolutionnaire qui ne veut pas reconnaître l'autorité du gouvernement provisoire. Je viens de recevoir de l'empereur un télégramme m'annonçant son arrivée pour 6 heures du matin. Mais il désire que nous quittions Tsarskoïé-Sélo pour Gatchina ou que nous nous portions à sa rencontre. Faites donc tout préparer pour le départ éventuel d'Alexis.

Les ordres sont donnés. Sa Majesté passe par de terribles hésitations. Elle a fait savoir à Rodzianko la gravité de l'état du tsarévitch et des grandes-duchesses. Il répond: «Quand une maison brûle, on commence par en emmener les malades.»

A quatre heures, le docteur Dérévenko rentre de l'hôpital et nous annonce que tout le réseau de chemin de fer des environs de Pétrograd est déjà occupé par les révolutionnaires, que nous ne pouvons pas partir et qu'il est peu probable que l'empereur puisse arriver.

Le soir, vers neuf heures, la baronne de Buxhœveden entre chez moi. Elle vient d'apprendre que la garnison de Tsarskoïé-Sélo s'est mutinée et que l'on tire dans la rue. Il faut avertir l'impératrice qui est auprès des grandes-duchesses. Précisément, elle sort dans le couloir et la baronne la met au courant de la situation. Nous nous approchons des fenêtres. Nous voyons le général Reissine qui, à la tête de deux compagnies du régiment combiné, prend position devant le palais. J'aperçois également des marins de l'équipage de la garde et des cosaques de l'escorte. Les grilles du parc ont été occupées par des postes renforcés, les hommes sur quatre rangs, prêts à tirer.

A ce moment nous apprenons par téléphone que les mutins s'avancent dans notre direction et qu'ils viennent de tuer un factionnaire à moins de 500 mètres du palais. Les coups de fusil se sont de plus en plus rapprochés, une collision semble inévitable. L'impératrice, affolée à l'idée que le sang va être répandu sous ses yeux, sort avec Marie Nicolaïévna et s'approche des soldats pour les exhorter au calme. Elle supplie qu'on parlemente avec les insurgés. Le moment est solennel. L'angoisse étreint tous les cœurs. Une imprudence, et c'est le corps à corps suivi de carnage. Cependant, des officiers s'interposent des deux côtés et l'on se met à discuter. Les paroles de leurs anciens chefs et l'attitude résolue de ceux qui sont restés fidèles en imposent aux mutins.

L'excitation tombe peu à peu et l'on finit par déterminer une zone neutre entre les deux camps.

La nuit se passe ainsi et, le matin, des ordres formels du gouvernement provisoire viennent mettre fin à cette situation angoissante.

Dans l'après-midi Sa Majesté fait appeler le grand-duc Paul et lui demande s'il sait où est l'empereur. Le grand-duc l'ignore. Aux questions que l'impératrice lui pose sur la situation, il répond que, seul, l'octroi immédiat d'une constitution peut encore, à son avis, conjurer le danger. L'impératrice se range à cette opinion, mais elle est impuissante, car, depuis la veille, elle ne peut plus communiquer avec l'empereur.

La journée du 15 se passe dans l'attente oppressée des événements. Dans la nuit, à 3 h. ½, le docteur Botkine est appelé au téléphone par un des membres du gouvernement provisoire qui lui demande des nouvelles d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch. (Le bruit de sa mort s'était répandu en ville, comme nous l'apprenons plus tard.)

Le supplice de l'impératrice continue le lendemain. C'est le troisième jour qu'elle est sans nouvelles de l'empereur et son angoisse s'augmente du fait de son inaction forcée. (Les tortures de l'impératrice en ces jours de mortelle angoisse où, sans nouvelles de l'empereur, elle se désespérait au chevet de son enfant malade, dépassèrent tout ce qu'on peut imaginer. Elle avait atteint la limite extrême de la résistance humaine, c'était la dernière épreuve d'où allait se dégager cette merveilleuse, cette lumineuse sérénité qui devait la soutenir, elle et les siens, jusqu'au jour de leur mort.)

A la fin de l'après-midi, la nouvelle de l'abdication de l'empereur parvient au palais. L'impératrice la repousse comme un bruit mensonger. Mais un peu plus tard le grand-duc Paul vient la lui confirmer. Elle se refuse encore à y croire et c'est seulement sur les précisions qu'il lui donne que Sa Majesté se rend enfin à l'évidence. L'empereur a abdiqué la veille au soir à Pskof en faveur de son frère, le grand-duc Michel.

Le désespoir de l'impératrice dépasse tout ce qu'on peut imaginer. Mais son grand courage ne l'abandonne pas. Je la revois, le soir, chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Son visage est ravagé, mais, par une force de volonté presque surhumaine, elle a tenu à venir comme d'habitude auprès des enfants, afin que rien ne trouble les jeunes malades qui ignorent tout ce qui s'est passé depuis le départ de l'empereur pour le G. Q. G.

Tard dans la nuit, nous apprenons que le grand-duc Michel s'est désisté et que c'est l'Assemblée constituante qui devra décider du sort de la Russie.

Je retrouve le lendemain l'impératrice chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Elle est calme, mais très pâle. Elle a effroyablement maigri et vieilli en ces quelques jours.

L'après-midi, Sa Majesté reçoit un télégramme de l'empereur où il cherche à la tranquiliser et lui annonce qu'il attend à Mohilef l'arrivée prochaine de l'impératrice douairière.

Trois jours passent. Le 21, à 10 h. ½ du matin, Sa Majesté me fait appeler et me dit que le général Kornilof est venu lui faire savoir, de la part du gouvernement provisoire, que l'empereur et elle sont mis en état d'arrestation, et que tous ceux qui ne veulent pas accepter le régime de la prison doivent avoir quitté le palais avant quatre heures. Je réponds que je suis décidé à rester.

— L'empereur rentre demain, il faut avertir Alexis, il faut tout lui dire... Voulez-vous le faire? Moi je vais aller parler aux petites.

On voit combien elle souffre à l'idée de l'émotion qu'elle va causer aux grandes-duchesses, malades, en leur annonçant l'abdication de leur père, émotion qui risque d'aggraver leur état.

Je rentre chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch et je lui dis que l'empereur va revenir le lendemain de Mohilef et qu'il n'y retournera plus.

— Pourquoi?

— Parce que votre papa ne veut plus être commandant en chef.

Cette nouvelle l'affecte vivement, car il aimait beaucoup à aller au G. Q. G.

Au bout d'un certain temps, j'ajoute:

— Vous savez, Alexis Nicolaïévitch, votre père ne veut plus être empereur.

Il me regarde, étonné, cherchant à lire sur ma figure ce qui se passe.

— Comment? Pourquoi?

— Parce qu'il est très fatigué et qu'il a eu de grandes difficultés ces derniers temps.

— Ah! oui! Maman m'a dit qu'on avait arrêté son train quand il voulait venir ici. Mais papa sera de nouveau empereur après?

Je lui explique alors que l'empereur a abdiqué en faveur du grand-duc Michel, lequel s'est désisté à son tour.

— Mais alors, qui est-ce qui sera empereur?

— Je ne sais pas, maintenant personne...

Pas un mot sur lui, pas une allusion à ses droits d'héritier. Il est très rouge et ému.

Au bout de quelques minutes de silence, il me dit:

— Mais alors, s'il n'y a plus d'empereur, qui est-ce qui va gouverner la Russie?

Je lui explique qu'il s'est formé un gouvernement provisoire qui devra s'occuper des affaires de l'État jusqu'à la réunion de l'Assemblée constituante et qu'alors, peut-être, son oncle Michel montera sur le trône.

Une fois de plus, je suis frappé de la modestie de cet enfant.

A quatre heures, la porte du palais se ferme. Nous sommes prisonniers! Le régiment combiné a été relevé par un régiment de la garnison de Tsarskoïé-Selo, et les soldats qui sont en faction ne sont plus là pour nous protéger, mais pour nous garder.

Le 22, à onze heures du matin, l'empereur arrive enfin, accompagné du Prince Dolgorouky, maréchal de la cour. Il monte immédiatement chez les enfants où l'impératrice l'attend.

Après le déjeuner, il entre dans la chambre d'Alexis Nicolaïévitch, où je me trouve à ce moment, et m'aborde avec sa simplicité et sa bienveillance habituelles. Mais, à voir son visage pâli et amaigri, on comprend combien il a effroyablement souffert, lui aussi, pendant son absence.

Le retour de l'empereur fut, malgré les circonstances, un jour de grand bonheur pour les siens. L'impératrice et Marie Nicolaïévna, aussi bien que les enfants malades, lorsqu'ils avaient été mis au courant de la situation, avaient éprouvé à son sujet tant de crainte et d'anxiété! C'était pour eux une grande consolation de se trouver tous réunis alors qu'ils étaient si durement éprouvés. Il leur semblait que leur douleur en était allégée et que l'immense amour qu'ils avaient les uns pour les autres était une force capable de leur faire supporter toutes les souffrances.

Malgré le maîtrise de soi qui lui était habituelle, l'empereur n'arrivait pas à cacher son profond ébranlement, mais il se remettait rapidement au milieu de l'affection des siens. Il leur consacrait la majeure partie de ses journées et, le reste du temps, il lisait ou se promenait avec le prince Dolgorouky. On lui avait interdit, au début, l'accès du parc et on ne lui avait laissé que la jouissance d'un petit jardin attenant au palais, encore couvert de neige et entouré d'un cordon de sentinelles. Mais l'empereur acceptait toutes ces rigueurs avec une sérénité et une grandeur d'âme remarquables. Jamais un mot de reproche ne sortit de ses lèvres. C'est qu'un sentiment dominait son être, plus puissant même que les liens qui l'attachaient aux siens: l'amour de son pays. On sentait qu'il était prêt à tout pardonner à ceux qui lui infligeaient ces humiliations, s'ils étaient capables de sauver la Russie.

L'impératrice passait presque tout son temps étendue sur une chaise longue dans la chambre des grandes-duchesses et chez Alexis Nicolaïévitch. Les émotions et les angoisses l'avaient épuisée physiquement, mais, depuis le retour de l'empereur, un grand apaisement moral s'était fait en elle et elle vivait d'une vie intérieure très intense, parlant peu, cédant enfin à ce besoin impérieux de repos qui la sollicitait depuis longtemps. Elle était heureuse de ne plus avoir à lutter, et de pouvoir se consacrer tout entière à ceux qu'elle aimait d'un si grand amour. Seule Marie Nicolaïévna lui donnait encore de l'inquiétude. Elle était tombée malade beaucoup plus tard que ses sœurs et son état s'était aggravé par suite d'une pneumonie de nature fort pernicieuse; son organisme, quelque très robuste, avait de la peine à reprendre le dessus. Elle était, d'ailleurs, victime de sa propre générosité. Cette jeune fille de dix-sept ans s'était dépensée sans compter pendant les journées révolutionnaires. Elle avait été le plus ferme soutien de sa mère. Dans la nuit du 13 mars, elle avait commis l'imprudence de sortir avec l'impératrice pour aller parler aux soldats, s'exposant ainsi au froid, alors qu'elle ressentait les premières atteintes de la maladie. Par bonheur, les autres enfants allaient mieux et se trouvaient déjà en pleine période de convalescence. ...

English translation (by Holt):

... It was only after long hesitation that the Czar, in his anxiety, had decided on March 8th, 1917, to leave Tsarskoïe-Sélo and go to G. H. Q.

His departure was a great blow to the Czarina, for to the fears aroused in her breast by the politics situation had been added her anxiety about Alexis Nicolaïevitch. The Czarevitch had been in bed with measles for several days, and his condition had been aggravated by various complications. To crown everything, three of the Grand-Duchesses had also been taken ill, and there was no one but Marie Nicolaïevna to help the mother.

On March 10th we learned that trouble had broken out in Petrograd and that bloody collisions had taken place between police and demonstrators.

The fact was that for several days the shortage of food had produced feelings of bitter discontent in the poorer quarters of the city. There had been processions, and mobs had appeared in the streets demanding bread.

I realised that Her Majesty had a good deal on her mind, for, contrary to her usual habit, she spoke freely about political events, and told me that Protopopoff had accused the Socialists of conducting an active propaganda among railway employees with a view to preventing the provisioning of the city, and thus precipitating a revolution.

On the 11th the situation suddenly became very critical and the most alarming news arrived without warning. The mob made its way into the centre of the town, and the troops, who had been called in the previous evening, were offering but slight resistance.

I heard also that an Imperial ukase had ordered the sittings of the Duma to be suspended, but that, in view of the grave events in progress, the Assembly had disregarded the decree for its prorogation and decided to form an executive committee charged with the duty of restoring order.

The fighting was renewed with greater violence the next morning, and the insurgents managed to secure possession of the arsenal. Towards the evening I was told on the telephone from Petrograd that reserve elements of several regiments — had made common cause with them. This piece of news absolutely appalled the Czarina. She had been extremely anxious since the previous evening, and realised that the peril was imminent.

She had spent these two days between the rooms of the Grand-Duchesses and that of Alexis Nicolaïevitch, who had taken a turn for the worse, but she always did her utmost to conceal her torturing anxiety from the invalids.

At half-past ten on the morning of the 13th the Czarina beckoned me to step into an adjoining room just as I was entering the Czarevitch's bedroom. She told me that the capital was actually in the hands of the revolutionaries and that the Duma had just set up a Provisional Government with Rodzianko at its head.

"The Duma has shown itself equal to the occasion", she said. "I think it has realised the danger which is threatening the country, but I'm afraid it is too late. A Revolutionary-Socialist Committee has been formed which will not recognise the authority of the Provisional Government. I have just received a telegram from the Czar saying that he will be here at six in the morning, but he wants us to leave Tsarskoïe-Selo for Gatchina, or else go to meet him. Please make all arrangements for Alexis's departure."

The necessary orders were given. Her Majesty was a prey to terrible doubt and hesitation. She informed Rodzianko of the serious condition of the Czarevitch and the Grand-Duchesses, but he replied: "When a house is burning the invalids are the first to be taken out."

At four o'clock Dr. Derevenko came back from the hospital and told us that the whole network of railways round Petrograd was already in the hands of the revolutionaries, so that we could not leave, and it was highly improbable that the Czar would be able to reach us.

About nine in the evening Baroness Buxhœveden entered my room. She had just heard that the garrison of Tsarskoïe-Selo had mutinied and that there was firing in the streets. She was going to tell the Czarina, who was with the Grand-Duchesses. As a matter of fact, she came into the corridor at that moment and the Baroness told her how things stood. We went to the windows. We saw General Reissine, who had taken up position outside the palace at the head of two companies of the composite regiment. I also saw some marines of the bodyguard and cossacks of the escort. The park gates had been occupied in special strength, the men being drawn up in four ranks, ready to fire.

At that moment we heard on the telephone that the rebels were coming in our direction and had just killed a sentry less than five hundred yards from the palace. The sound of firing came steadily nearer and a fight seemed inevitable. The Czarina was horrorstruck at the idea that blood might be shed under her very eyes; she went out with Marie Nicolaïevna and exhorted the men to keep cool. She begged them to parley with the rebels. It was a terrible moment, and our hearts almost stopped beating with suspense. A single mistake and there would have been a hand-to-hand fight followed by bloodshed. However, the officers stepped in and a parley began. The rebels were impressed by the words of their old leaders and the resolute attitude of the troops which remained faithful.

The excitement gradually subsided and a neutral zone was fixed between the two camps.

Thus was the night passed, and in the morning formal orders from the Provisional Government arrived which put an end to the dreadful situation.

In the afternoon Her Majesty sent for the Grand Duke Paul and asked him if he knew where the Czar was. The Grand Duke did not know. When the Czarina questioned him about the situation he replied that in his opinion the grant of a constitution at once could alone avert the peril. The Czarina shared that view, but could do nothing, as she had been unable to communicate with the Czar since the previous evening.

The day of the 15th passed in an oppressive suspense. At 3.30 a.m. next morning Dr. Botkin was called to the telephone by a member of the Provisional Government, who asked him for news of Alexis Nicolaïevitch. (We heard subsequently that a report of his death had been circulating in the city.)

The Czarina's ordeal was continued the next day. It was three days since she had had any news of the Czar and her forced inaction made her anguish all the more poignant. (No one can have any idea of what the Czarina suffered during these days when she was despairing at her son's bedside and had no news of the Czar. She reached the extreme limits of human resistance in this last trial, in which originated that wonderful and radiant serenity which was to sustain her and her family to the day of their death.)

Towards the end of the afternoon the news of the Czar's abdication reached the palace. The Czarina refused to believe it, asserting it was a canard. But soon afterwards the Grand Duke Paul arrived to confirm it. She still refused to believe it, and it was only after hearing all the details he gave her that Her Majesty yielded to the evidence. The Czar had abdicated at Pskoff the previous evening in favour of his brother, the Grand Duke Michael.

The Czarina's despair almost defied imagination, but her great courage did not desert her. I saw her in Alexis Nicolaïevitch's room that same evening. Her face was terrible to see, but, with a strength of will which was almost superhuman, she had forced herself to come to the children's rooms as usual so that the young invalids, who knew nothing of what had happened since the Czar had left for G. H. Q., should suspect nothing.

Late at night we heard that the Grand Duke Michael had renounced the throne, and that the fate of Russia was to be settled by the Constituent Assembly.

Next morning I found the Czarina in Alexis Nicolaïevitch's room. She was calm, but very pale. She looked very much thinner and ever so much older in the last few days.

In the afternoon Her Majesty received a telegram from the Czar in which he tried to calm her fears, and told her that he was at Mohileff pending the imminent arrival of the Dowager Empress.

Three days passed. At half-past ten on the morning of the 21st Her Majesty summoned me and told me that General Korniloff had been sent by the Provisional Government to inform her that the Czar and herself were under arrest and that all those who did not wish to be kept in close confinement must leave the palace before four o'clock. I replied that I had decided to stay with them.

"The Czar is coming back to-morrow. Alexis must be told everything. Will you do it? I am going to tell the girls myself."

It was easy to see how she suffered when she thought of the grief of the Grand-Duchesses on hearing that their father had abdicated. They were ill, and the news might make them worse.

I went to Alexis Nicolaïevitch and told him that the Czar would be returning from Mohileff next morning and would never go back there again.

"Why?"

"Your father does not want to be Commander-in-Chief any more."

He was greatly moved at this, as he was very fond of going to G. H. Q.

After a moment or two I added:

"You know, your father does not want to be Czar any more, Alexis Nicolaïévitch."

He looked at me in astonishment, trying to read in my face what had happened.

"What! Why?"

"He is very tired and has had a lot of trouble lately."

"Oh yes! Mother told me they stopped his train when he wanted to come here. But won't papa be Czar again afterwards?"

I then told him that the Czar had abdicated in favour of the Grand Duke Michael, who had also renounced the throne.

"But who's going to be Czar, then?"

"I don't know. Perhaps nobody now. ..."

There was a silence, and then he said:

"But if there isn't a Czar, who's going to govern Russia?"

I explained that a Provisional Government had been formed and that it would govern the state until the Constituent Assembly met, when his uncle Michael would perhaps mount the throne.

One again I was struck by the modesty of the boy.

At four o'clock the doors of the palace were closed. We were prisoners! The composite regiment had been relieved by a regiment from the garrison of Tsarskoïe-Selo, and the soldiers on sentry duty were there not to protect us, but to keep guard over us.

At eleven o'clock on the morning of the 22nd the Czar arrived, accompanied by Prince Dolgorouky, the Marshal of the Court. He went straight up to the children's room, where the Czarina was waiting for him.

After luncheon he went into the room of Alexis Nicolaïevitch, where I was, and greeted me with his usual unaffected kindness. But I could tell by his pale, worn face that he too had suffered terribly during his absence.

Yet, despite the circumstances, the Czar's return was a day of rejoicing to his family. The Czarina and Marie Nicolaïevna, as well as the other children, when they had been told what had occured, had been a prey to such dreadful doubts and fears on his account! It was a great comfort to be all together in such times of trial. It seemed as if it made their troubles less unbearable, and as if their boundless love for each other was a dynamic force which enabled them to face any degree of suffering.

In spite of the self-control which was habitual with the Czar, he was unable to conceal his immense distress, though his soon recovered in the bosom of his family. He spent most of the day with them, and otherwise read or went for walks with Prince Dolgorouky. At first he had been forbidden to go into the park, and was only allowed the enjoyment of a small garden contiguous to the palace. It was still under snow. A cordon of sentries was posted around it.

Yet the Czar accepted all these restraints with extraordinary serenity and moral grandeur. No word of reproach ever passed his lips. The fact was that his whole being was dominated by one passion, which was more powerful even than the bonds between himself and his family — love of country. We felt he was ready to forgive anything to those who were inflicting such humiliations upon him so long as they were capable of saving Russia.

The Czarina spent almost all her time on a chaise longue in the Grand-Duchesses' room, or else with Alexis Nicolaïevitch. Her anxieties and the emotional strain had exhausted her physically, but since the Czar's return she had found great moral relief, and lived closely with her own thoughts, speaking little and finally yielding to that urgent need for rest which had long assailed her. She was glad she need struggle no longer and that she could wholly devote herself to those she loved so tenderly.

She was now anxious about Marie Nicolaïevna only. The latter had been taken ill much later than her sisters, and her condition was aggravated by a severe attack of pneumonia of a virulent kind. Her constitution was excellent, but she had all she could do to survive. She was also the victim of her own devotion. This girl of seventeen had spent herself without reflection during the revolution. She had been her mother's greatest comfort and stand-by. During the night of March 13th she had been rash enough to go out with her mother to speak to the soldiers, thus exposing herself to the cold, even though she realised that her illness was beginning. Fortunately the other children were better, and already on the road to convalescence. ...